A new methodology for vehicle trajectory reconstruction based on wavelet analysis

Vehicle trajectories with high spatial and temporal resolution are known as the most ideal source of data for developing innovative microscopic traffic models. Aside from the method applied for collecting the vehicle trajectories, such data are more or less error-infected. The ever-increasing noise amplitude during the process of deriving the data (such as speed and acceleration) required for developing models, might change or even hide the structure of data and lead to useful information being overlooked. This highlights the importance of presenting the efficient methods which are adequate to remove noise and enhance the quality of vehicle trajectory data. Accordingly, in this paper a simple two-step technique based on wavelet analysis has been recommended for filtering errors and reconstructing trajectory data. Primarily, by using wavelet transform a special treatment was employed to identify and modify the outliers. Next, the noise in trajectory data was eliminated by applying the wavelet-based filter. The results of applying the proposed method to the synthetic noise-infected trajectory and the NGSIM dataset reveal how appropriate its performance is compared with other methodologies in terms of quantitative criteria.     

汽车内饰布置及人机工程校核方法

本文主要对汽车内饰的关键件包括仪表盘、中控台、座椅等进行布置分析,从人机工程角度分析如何满足驾驶者的使用要求。     

Interaction of vehicle and steering system regarding on-centre handling

For the on-centre handling behaviour of vehicles the steering system is absolutely important. To investigate the interaction of the vehicle and steering system a validated, especially tailored simulation model was developed. Some meaningful vehicle and steering system parameters are altered to show the influence on steering wheel torque, steering feel and understeer. The results underline the importance of an accurate steering system model. Identified measures to improve the centre feel and steering response were a stiffer torsion bar, a higher cornering stiffness or a lower overall steering ratio. The steering response, however, suffers when the centre feel is improved by a higher trail. The steering rack friction reduces mainly the steering response while the steering column friction decreases the centre feel whereas a stiffer torsion bar lessens the understeer tendency.     

主成分评价法在汽车操纵稳定性评价上的应用

针对传统汽车操纵稳定性客观评价方法中评价指标间存在的相关影响和评价过程繁琐等问题.文章将多元统计分析理论中的主成分分析应用于汽车操纵稳定性的客观评价中,提出采用主成分分析法进行评价.该方法以降维为核心思想,消除评价指标间的相关性;运用SPSS软件实现评价过程,简化了评价步骤;评价结果以综合得分形式给出,一目了然.新方法虽较好的解决了传统方法中存在的遗漏,但也存在一定的局限性.现阶段只能作为一种辅助手段,作为传统评价方法的补充评价方法.     

高等级公路桥头跳车的原因和防治措施

阐述了高等级公路桥头跳车产生的原因和一些防治措施.     

Failure rates and data driven policies for vehicle safety inspections in Pennsylvania

Rail, truck, commercial bus, and aircraft have federally mandated safety inspection programs in the United States, while inspections of personal vehicles, which make up the majority of passenger miles, are optionally imposed at the state level. In recent years, some states have chosen to eliminate the vehicle safety inspection program because of budget constraints and concerns about program effectiveness. Currently, 26 states have a schedule for conducting safety inspections, but Pennsylvania is one of thirteen states that currently require all personal light duty vehicles to be inspected every year. The remaining states have completely eliminated safety inspection programs. However, as automobiles become safer, Pennsylvania legislators are now pushing to phase out the inspection program to reduce the costs of owning a vehicle. This study combines Pennsylvania vehicle registration data with two large samples of results from state safety inspections. We find that the state safety inspection fail rate for light-duty vehicles is 12–18%, well above the often-cited rate of 2%. Vehicles that are older than three years old or have more than about 30,000 miles can have much higher rates. When analyzing new vehicles, less than or equal to one year old, it is found that even these vehicles have a failure rate greater than zero. Furthermore, while the vehicle fleet appears to be getting safer over the past few years by improvements in technology or other external circumstances, the inspection failure rate does not appear to be trending toward zero in the near future. We also show that accurate inspection data is limited and often incorrectly analyzed. Lastly, the importance of vehicle maintenance over a vehicle’s lifetime is proven to be evident, since regular usage causes vehicles to deteriorate. We conclude that vehicle safety inspections should continue to be implemented in order to keep driving conditions safe.     

Emission evaluation of inter-vehicle safety warning information systems

Driver inattentiveness is one of critical factors contributing to vehicle crashes. The inter-vehicle safety warning information system (ISWS) is a technology to enhance driver attentiveness by providing warning messages about upcoming hazards using connected vehicle environments. A novel feature of the proposed ISWS is its ability to detect hazardous driving events, such as abrupt accelerations and lane changes, which are defined as moving hazards with a higher potential of causing crashes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the ISWS in reducing vehicle emissions and its potential for traffic congestion mitigation. This study included a field experiment that documented actual vehicle maneuvering patterns for abrupt accelerations and lane changes, which were used for more realistic simulation evaluations, in addition to normal accelerations and lane changes. Probe vehicles equipped with customized on-board units consisting of a global positioning system (GPS) device, accelerometer, and gyro sensor were used to obtain the vehicle maneuvering data. A microscopic simulator, VISSIM, was used to simulate a driver’s responsive behavior when warning messages were delivered. A motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES) was then used to estimate vehicle emissions. The results show that reduction in vehicle emissions increased when the ISWS’s market penetration rate (MPR) and the congestion level of the traffic conditions increased. The maximum CO and CO₂ emission reductions achieved were approximately 6% and 7%, respectively, under LOS D traffic conditions. The outcomes of this study can be valuable for deriving smarter operational strategies for ISWS to account for environmental impacts.