AERMOD for near-road pollutant dispersion: Evaluation of model performance with different emission source representations and low wind options

The performance of the regulatory dispersion model AERMOD in simulating vehicle-emitted pollutant concentrations near-roadway using area or volume source representation of emissions and with different low wind options was assessed using the SF₆ tracer data from the General Motors (GM) Sulfur Dispersion Experiment. At downwind receptor locations, AERMOD, using either area or volume source emissions, can reasonably predict the tracer concentrations near the surface (0.5 m) but the model performance decreases at higher elevations (3.5m and 9.5m above the surface). For upwind receptors, using an area source representation leads to significant under-predictions due to AERMOD’s lack of treatment of lateral plume meander, but using volume source representation leads to over-predictions of upwind concentrations regardless of the low wind options for plume meander. Among the three low wind options currently available in AERMOD, best model performance is obtained with low wind option 3, which treats plume meander with a higher minimal standard deviation of the horizontal crosswind component (σ_v,min = 0.3 m s⁻¹), eliminates upwind component of dispersion and uses an effective lateral dispersion parameter (σ_y) to replicate centerline concentration. The optional adjustment of the surface friction velocity in the meteorological preprocessor AERMET does not lead to obvious improvements in predicted near-road concentrations for this application.     

高铁常用跨度简支梁桥上轨道周期性不平顺影响分析

通过对桥梁徐变上拱设计和相应规定、轨道不平顺检测方法、实测资料以及线路规范的对比和理论计算,进行高铁常用跨度预应力混凝土简支梁桥上轨道产生波长为32 m的轻微周期性不平顺现象研究。结果表明:线路、桥梁规范中线路高低Ⅰ级管理值、梁跨竖向残余变形的规定是一致的;轨面不平顺静、动态检测结果不可以用来直接对比;京沪高铁桥上轨道周期不平顺的桥跨长度占比随着时间发展逐渐增大,开通4年后占比持平至约66%,桥上轨道周期性不平顺峰值均值、标准差及变异系数分别约为2.28 mm,0.57 mm和0.25;开通5年后98.4%,99.9%和100%的桥上轨道周期性高低不平顺峰值分别小于5,6和7 mm;当连续多跨简支梁徐变值均大于3 mm时,线路TQI高低已超过规范管理限值,建议通过轨面设置反预拱度,避免由梁体徐变带来的大面积轨道精调作业。     

隧道盾构施工对邻近管线群位移影响的模型试验研究

隧道盾构施工会对邻近管线造成不利影响,但目前对管线位移的研究多集中在单一管线方面,考虑管线之间影响的研究较少。针对这一问题,开展砂土地层盾构施工对邻近管线群影响的室内模型试验,研究隧道盾构垂直下穿多条既有管线时对管线竖向沉降的影响。研究结果表明:当单一管线垂直于隧道开挖方向时,管线最大沉降发生在隧道正上方位置,沉降曲线形态关于隧道轴线呈对称分布,且符合Gauss曲线特征;当隧道垂直下穿双管线时,管线产生的竖向沉降曲线形态与单一管线基本一致,但管线最大沉降值较单一管线明显减小。通过对试验结果的归一化分析,提出管线间距对最大沉降影响的计算公式。     

基于构架点头角速度的轨道垂向长波不平顺在线检测

在分析比较基于轴箱垂向振动加速度和构架点头角速度的轨道垂向不平顺检测原理的基础上,提出基于构架点头角速度的轨道垂向长波不平顺在线检测方法。在运营车辆轴箱正上方的构架处安装陀螺仪,用于等空间采样构架点头角速度的时域信号;对构架点头角速度的时域信号以及由速度传感器测得的车速时域信号进行二次积分、消除拟合多项式的趋势项、带通滤波及递归最小二乘自适应补偿滤波等数据处理,从而得到轨道垂向长波不平顺的估计值;建立车辆—轨道垂向耦合动力学模型,以实测轨道垂向不平顺激励下的构架角速度模拟陀螺仪采集的时域信号,对给出的在线检测方法进行验证。结果表明:与实测结果相比,标准差小于0.4mm,归一化均方误差小于-8,说明给出的在线检测方法能精确、有效地检测轨道垂向长波不平顺。     

大跨度公轨两用单跨悬索桥研究

研究大跨度公轨共用单跨悬索桥梁式方案及桥面系布置方式,分析桥梁结构的受力特点,提出影响列车行车安全的控制因素及设计技术措施,确定合理的竖向刚度要求,总结设计标准和关键技术措施。研究认为,随着悬索桥跨度的增大和结构质量的增加,主梁弯曲的贡献率逐渐减小,而主缆重力刚度的贡献率逐渐增加;控制悬索桥刚度的主要因素有跨度、主梁截面、主缆截面、矢跨比及桥塔抗推刚度;通过控制主梁竖向刚度、梁端折角及扭转刚度等参数可以保证轨道的平顺性;通过合理的轨道桥面系体系的布置,可以使轨道结构受力更加合理。     

公路纵面视距行车安全性分析

驾驶员应有足够的视距来判断运行车辆前方环境发生的变化,如交通状况、道路线形组合形式及沿线景观设计等,以便采取相应措施确保汽车安全行驶。文章从道路纵面竖曲线设计原理出发,讨论了汽车安全行驶的条件,推导出停车视距与竖曲线设计长度、变坡角的关系,同时结合某高速公路安全性评价,对事故多发路段提出了合理化建议。     

小导管注浆锚固技术在道路纵向开裂病害处治中的应用

在对南宁至友谊关高速公路典型工点侧向变形、纵向开裂病害检测与形成机制分析的基础上,借鉴岩土锚固技术原理,提出小导管注浆锚固综合处治技术,总结了设计方法、施工与质量控制。实践证明,该工艺具有高效、经济、可靠、对运营公路干扰小等优点,为处治道路纵向开裂病害提供新理念。     

凹形竖曲线上梯形轨道的稳定性研究

为了研究凹形竖曲线上梯形轨道的稳定性,以某城市轨道交通线为例,建立梯形轨道在凹形竖曲线上的叠合梁模型,计算分析在温度荷载、列车垂向荷载和制动力作用下,梯形轨道在凹形竖曲线上的力学特性以及扣件纵向阻力和缓冲垫刚度对轨道结构受力和变形的影响规律。计算表明:由于凸挡台的限位作用,轨道结构在竖曲线上较为稳定;扣件的纵向阻力对钢轨的纵向位移影响较大,为限制钢轨的纵向位移可适当增加扣件的纵向阻力;凸挡台缓冲垫刚度的提高能有效控制钢轨的纵向位移,但会减小缓冲作用,故应合理控制缓冲垫的刚度。     

悬移质含沙量沿垂线的分布理论研究

文章基于悬移质含沙量沿垂线分布的概念及理论研究现状,通过实测数据资料计算,对比分析了悬移质含沙量沿垂线分布实测值与扩散理论劳斯方程及各修正方法计算结果的拟合程度,证实了扩散理论公式的合理性以及相关修正方法的可行性。     

Application of Vertical Freezing Technique in the Deep-buried Mountain Railway Tunnel北大核心CSCD

The strata of Chengershan tunnel is mainly consist of the slightly cemented tertiary sandstone, the tun⁃ nel body passes through F 2 fault core zone. Geological disasters of mud outburst, sand gushing and extrusion of work face occurred several times during tunnel construction, so the risks are very high. In view of the core zone of F 2 fault with high pressure and abundant water, a variety of construction schemes were compared and analyzed in terms of technology, feasibility and safety, and vertical freezing technique was used for stratum reinforcement in the railway tunnel for the first time, furthermore the freezing scheme and tunnel support measures were studied, providing refer⁃ ence and guidance for similar tunnel construction.Mountain railway tunnel; Fault zone; Tertiary sandstone; Vertical freezing technique; Application © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.