Speed variation during peak and off-peak hours on urban arterials in Shanghai

Increased speed variation on urban arterials is associated with reductions in both operational performance and safety. Traffic flow, mean speed, traffic control parameters and geometric design features are known to affect speed variation. An exploratory study of the relationships among these variables could provide a foundation for improving the operational and safety performance of urban arterials, however, such a study has been hampered by problems in measuring speeds. The measurement of speed has traditionally been accomplished using spot speed collection methods such as radar, laser and loop detectors. These methods can cover only limited locations, and consequently are not able to capture speed distributions along an entire network, or even throughout any single road segment. In Shanghai, it is possible to acquire the speed distribution of any roadway segment, over any period of interest, by capturing data from Shanghai’s 50,000+ taxis equipped with Global Positional Systems (GPS). These data, hereafter called Floating Car Data, were used to calculate mean speed and speed variation on 234 road segments from eight urban arterials in downtown Shanghai. Hierarchical models with random variables were developed to account for spatial correlations among segments within each arterial and heterogeneities among arterials. Considering that traffic demand changes throughout the day, AM peak, Noon off-peak, and PM peak hours were studied separately. Results showed that increases in number of lanes and number of access points, the presence of bus stops and increases in mean speed were all associated with increased speed variation, and that increases in traffic volume and traffic signal green times were associated with reduced speed variation. These findings can be used by engineers to minimize speed differences during the road network planning stage and continuing through the traffic management phase.     

Short-term speed predictions exploiting big data on large urban road networks

Big data from floating cars supply a frequent, ubiquitous sampling of traffic conditions on the road network and provide great opportunities for enhanced short-term traffic predictions based on real-time information on the whole network. Two network-based machine learning models, a Bayesian network and a neural network, are formulated with a double star framework that reflects time and space correlation among traffic variables and because of its modular structure is suitable for an automatic implementation on large road networks. Among different mono-dimensional time-series models, a seasonal autoregressive moving average model (SARMA) is selected for comparison. The time-series model is also used in a hybrid modeling framework to provide the Bayesian network with an a priori estimation of the predicted speed, which is then corrected exploiting the information collected on other links. A large floating car data set on a sub-area of the road network of Rome is used for validation. To account for the variable accuracy of the speed estimated from floating car data, a new error indicator is introduced that relates accuracy of prediction to accuracy of measure. Validation results highlighted that the spatial architecture of the Bayesian network is advantageous in standard conditions, where a priori knowledge is more significant, while mono-dimensional time series revealed to be more valuable in the few cases of non-recurrent congestion conditions observed in the data set. The results obtained suggested introducing a supervisor framework that selects the most suitable prediction depending on the detected traffic regimes.     

浮置板式轨道结构隔振效果仿真研究

建立列车—轨道结构耦合系统有限元模型,将轨道不平顺作为列车—轨道结构耦合系统的激励源,对普通碎石道床轨道结构和浮置板式轨道结构的列车—轨道结构耦合系统动力学性能进行仿真研究,对比分析这2种类型的轨道结构系统振动响应与系统振动传递函数,评价浮置板式轨道结构的隔振效果。分析结果表明,浮置板式轨道结构与普通碎石道床轨道结构相比,振动加速度降低约70%,距线路5 m处大地振动加速度响应峰值降低约62.8%,相应Z振级衰减约10 dB,竖向振动加速度频率范围由0~200 Hz降到0~60 Hz,有效起到了振动隔离效果。     

船舶浮筏系统动力学特性的影响因素研究

在船舶浮筏隔振系统的动力学特性研究中，以往的刚体分析模型会在高频段造成很大误差，本文从基于有限元的弹性体模型出发，对隔振系统的多种方案进行了模拟激励下的响应分析，讨论了影响浮筏隔振性能的结构与材料因素，如隔振支承刚度与阻尼，筏体的刚与阻尼，浮筏基座刚度与阻尼等，通过船模实验验证了所建立的动力学模型，通过灵敏度分析得到振动传递率与各影响参数间的关系。     

青藏线拉萨河特大桥主桥横梁设计

拉萨河特大桥主桥采用 (3 6+ 72 + 10 8+ 72 + 3 6)m五跨三拱连续梁钢管拱组合结构体系。通过对系杆拱桥不同部位横梁受力特点进行分析 ,采取相应的设计措施 ,为系杆拱桥的横梁设计提供一种合理的设计方法。     

洋山深水港大型集装箱船舶的引航操纵

根据洋山深水港地理与水文的特点,结合参加大型集装箱船在该港区航道航行和码头靠离作业引航操纵的实践与经验,在介绍船舶引航相关情况的基础上,专门对洋山深水港船舶进出口航行、港区码头靠离作业和港内掉头操作的方法作了介绍,并对从事上述工作中的要点和注意事项进行了论述。     

武汉天兴洲长江大桥3号主塔墩Ф3．40m大直径深孔钻孔设备选型

武汉天兴洲长江大桥3号主塔墩基础为40根Ф3．40m大直径钻孔桩，桩孔深度达105．5m，下伏基岩为软硬不均的胶结砾岩。此文从钻机类型、重型刮刀钻头与滚刀钻头的结构形式，以及滚刀钻头的刀具布置、刀头型式、使用效果等方面介绍Ф3．40m大直径深孔钻孔桩钻孔设备的选型过程。     

谈宁波－舟山港虾峙门外深水航槽的使用

文中通过深水航槽的介绍,使读者了解深水航槽的成因、构成、使用注意事项和相关建议。     

京张高铁大直径泥水盾构施工泥浆环保处理措施研究

在城市建筑物密集区,采用泥水盾构进行隧道施工往往面临泥浆无处排放的难题。以新建京张高铁清华园隧道为背景,通过对地质状况的分析和研究,采用了泥浆环保综合处理的方法:(1)以泥水分离设备为核心,对泥浆进行总体处理;(2)处理后合格的泥浆通过制、调浆系统的补充和调整进行再利用;(3)处理后不合格的弃浆则通过压滤设备、离心设备和化学药品进行环保处理;(4)对泥浆处理设备进行噪声控制。研究表明,通过上述措施,实现了废弃泥浆的无污染处理,使盾构施工对于环境的影响降低到最小程度。     

Inhomogeneous wave load effects on a long,straight and side-anchored floating pontoon bridge

In this paper, we present a numerical study on the hydroelastic response of a 4.6 km long fjord crossing floating bridge subjected to wave loads. The bridge is straight in design and supported by 35 pontoons along its full length. To limit the response to horizontal loads, four clusters of deep water mooring lines are engaged to increase the transverse stiffness of the bridge. Owing to the very large span across the fjord, inhomogeneity in the wave field exists. This study examines the various effects of inhomogeneous wave loads on the dynamic responses of the floating bridge. These include the spatial variations of the wave direction, significant wave height and peak period as well as the coherence and correlation of waves along the entire length of the floating bridge. For the purpose of comparison, the dynamic bridge responses under homogeneous wave load cases are also studied. In addition, the effects of wave load components and short-crestedness are presented and discussed.