Robust weekly aircraft maintenance routing problem and the extension to the tail assignment problem

In this paper, we study two closely related airline planning problems: the robust weekly aircraft maintenance routing problem (RWAMRP) and the tail assignment problem (TAP). In real life operations, the RWAMRP solution is used in tactical planning whereas the TAP solution is implemented in operational planning. The main objective of these two problems is to minimize the total expected propagated delay (EPD) of the aircraft routes. To formulate the RWAMRP, we propose a novel weekly line-of-flights (LOF) network model that can handle complex and nonlinear cost functions of EPD. Because the number of LOFs grows exponentially with the number of flights to be scheduled, we propose a two-stage column generation approach to efficiently solve large-scale real-life RWAMRPs. Because the EPD of an LOF is highly nonlinear and can be very time-consuming to accurately compute, we propose three lower bounds on the EPD to solve the pricing subproblem of the column generation. Our approach is tested on eight real-life test instances. The computational results show that the proposed approach provides very tight LP relaxation (within 0.6% of optimal solutions) and solves the test case with more than 6000 flights per week in less than three hours. We also investigate the solutions obtained by our approach over 500 simulated realizations. The simulation results demonstrate that, in all eight test instances, our solutions result in less EPDs than those obtained from traditional methods. We then extend our model and solution approach to solve realistically simulated TAP instances.     

高速铁路上郭关隧道施工遭遇大型溶洞的处理方案研究

高速铁路上郭关隧道在施工中遭遇了大型溶洞,溶洞由6个形态各异的溶洞大厅组成,有必要研究既安全又经济的溶洞处理方案。首先根据溶洞大厅的大小与位置,设计现浇套拱衬砌支顶、埋设钢筋混凝土管涵与施作护墙支挡3种处理方案;然后数值模拟不处理溶洞、处理溶洞、处理溶洞并考虑水渗流影响等情况,对比多种工况下的隧道受力变形,分析溶洞处理效果,并提出施工建议;最后将溶洞处理方案应用于工程实践。结果表明:隧道变形在安全范围内,隧道顺利通过岩溶区,证明采取的溶洞处理方案切实可行。     

浮冰冲击作用下的乙烯运输船体 舷侧结构强度分析

对无限航区的21000m3乙烯运输船舷侧结构,分别采用纵骨架式和横骨架式冰区加强设计。根据FSICR规范要求,更新舷侧冰带区域内构件尺寸,并针对艏部冰带区域内船体结构,分别建立了原始的、纵骨架式的和横骨架式的冰带结构设计有限元模型。通过强度计算,认为艏部冰带区新结构满足规范设计载荷要求。在此基础上,单独建立艏货舱冰区舷侧外板板架有限元模型,研究两种新设计形式适用的外板在更大浮冰冲击载荷作用下塑性变形。计算结果表明:纵骨架式结构外板塑性变形明显低于横骨架式。     

An integrated methodology for the design of mooring systems and risers

Traditionally, the design of mooring lines and risers of floating production systems (FPS) has been performed separately, by different teams, employing uncoupled analysis tools that do not consider the nonlinear interaction between the platform hull and the mooring lines and risers. Design processes have been focused on fulfilling the design criteria of the respective component (mooring/riser) alone, with few or no consideration to the other component, and little interaction between the design teams. Nowadays the importance of employing analysis tools based on coupled formulations is widely recognized, and analysis strategies have been proposed to consider feedback between mooring lines and risers within their respective design processes.In this context, this work details a proposal of one single and fully integrated design methodology for mooring systems and risers for deep-water FPS. In this methodology, the design stages of both risers and mooring lines are incorporated in a single spiral, allowing the full interaction of different teams; mooring design implicitly considers the riser integrity, and vice-versa, leading to gains in efficiency and cost reduction.Different analysis strategies are employed, taking advantage of uncoupled and coupled numerical models. The models generated at the initial/intermediate design stages can be reused in subsequent stages: simpler models are used in the initial stages, and more refined models are gradually introduced, to reach an ideal balance between computational cost and accuracy of results. In the advanced stages, the exchange of information between mooring/riser also allows the definition of criteria for the selection of governing/critical loading cases to be revised and verified in detail. This leads to the reduction of the original loading case matrix, allowing a feasible use of time-consuming fully coupled analysis.Results of a case study illustrating the application of some of the main processes of the methodology are included.     

地铁车站大客流组织措施研究

针对地铁车站大客流组织问题,以天津地铁营口道站为具体研究对象,结合实际运营经验,对大客流组织原则、影响因素和应对措施进行较全面的探讨。首先,结合营口道站实际运营情况和一线工作经验,总结地铁车站的大客流组织原则;其次,从乘客乘坐地铁的流程入手,详细分析影响车站大客流组织的主要影响因素,定量化计算AFC系统服务能力、出入口及通道的通过能力、楼扶梯的通过能力、站台乘候车秩序？、列车运能和客流疏导能力等;最后,遵循大客流组织原则,针对影响大客流组织的主要因素,从客流预测、客流组织、行车调度和票务组织等方面提出具体的大客流组织应对措施。     

东莞至惠州城际轨道交通东江隧道主要工程地质问题研究

东莞至惠州城际轨道交通东江隧道下穿东江,为极高风险隧道。采用地质调绘、钻探、一孔多用(数字式全景钻孔摄像、声波测井)、水文地质试验、土工试验等综合勘察方法,运用岩体完整性系数定量分析岩体的完整性,采用水文地质试验测试含水层的渗透系数,利用裘布依理论公式定量计算隧道涌水量,采用室内试验测试软土力学指标,利用岩石抗压试验定量计算泥岩和泥质粉砂岩的软化系数。依据上述测试成果,研究了东江隧道突涌水、软土大变形、软岩变形、流砂、基坑开挖引发周边地面及建筑物变形、惠州断裂等主要工程地质问题,提出了相应的防治措施建议。研究结论为:东江隧道主要工程地质问题突出,但是可以采取相应的工程措施进行处理。     

大型煤矿长斜井 TBM 掘进管片自动化生产技术

结合我国目前正在发展的大型地下煤矿长斜井 TBM 掘进施工技术中的关键问题,对管片自动生产技术进行探讨.运用工程优化理论,分析了管片自动生产流水线,确定了管片生产模具结构,管片生产工艺流程和管片生产工序.管片成品检测结果表明:按照提出的一系列工艺流程可以较为快速地生产出批量管片成品,其拼装后精度达到了较高水平,能满足大型地下煤矿长斜井 TBM 掘进施工要求.     

浅谈工程结构物监理

通过前期、隐蔽工程、测量、质量监理与设计变更处理等诸个关键问题论述了工程结构物监理的认识与体会。     

大跨度软岩公路隧道短台阶七步平行流水作业施工技术

大跨度软岩公路隧道采用短台阶七步平行流水作业法施工在我国尚属探索阶段，结合工程实践，结合工程实践，详细地介绍了该施工方法的技术特点。适用范围、工艺原理、施工工艺、机具设备、劳力组织、质量控制、施工安全以及效益分析等，对类似隧道施工有一定的参考价值。     

宜昌长江公路大桥工程管理探讨与实践

结合宜昌大桥工程实际，从工程合同段划分，机构设置与监理模式，制度建设与激励机制直接影响和决定工程管理的效果等方面探索大跨度悬索桥工程管理的规律。