溶液燃烧法制备TiV_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)Er_(0.01)O_x催化剂催化还原NO_x的性能研究

为了拓宽选择性催化还原NO_x钒基催化剂的活性温度窗口,采用溶液燃烧合成法制备了TiV_(0.1)O_x催化剂,依次加入Mn元素与Er元素形成新的催化剂,分别对它们进行了SCR活性及选择性测试,发现负载Mn元素可以提高钒基催化剂的低温活性,同时也会降低钒基催化剂的高温活性,负载适量的Er元素可以提高钒基催化剂的高温活性和N_2选择性。利用N2吸附脱附法进行BET比表面积和孔容孔径分析,发现负载Er元素增大了比表面积,进而提升了催化剂活性。利用X射线衍射(XRD)图谱进行晶体结构分析,所有催化剂样品均没有发现VO_x,MnO_x或ErO_x的衍射峰,说明溶液燃烧法制备的催化剂活性组分在TiO2颗粒上呈无定型态分布,分散度高。最终优选出最佳Mn和Er比例的TiV_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)Er_(0.01)O_x催化剂,在160~470℃之间保持80%以上的NO_x去除率。     

Traffic safety,usability and streetscape effects of new design principles for major urban roads

An important aspect of area-wide traffic calming concepts is the integration of major urban roads, because 70 to 80 percent of all urban accidents occur on major roads. Traffic calming which is primarily based on the locational shift to such main thoroughfares is socially injust, because — in spite of all disturbances on those streets — about one quarter of the urban population live there. Social justice can only be somewhat achieved if the expenditures for traffic calming and streetscaping are not used — as today is most common — for accumulating the advantages in the low traffic side streets, but aimed at a partial balance and compensation for the strains caused by car traffic on the major streets. Some compensatory measures and new design principles will be discussed. Backgrounds are the experience in six German model cities of area-wide traffic calming, several research projects and the discussion about new guidelines for major urban roads. Where traffic and environmental burdens focus, the concentration concept should be extended by compensatory measures. That is the state of discussion in Germany examplified by nine topics.This is an edited version of a speech presented by the author at the International Conference Living and Moving in Cities in Paris, January 1990.     

上软下硬地层地铁隧道与近接桥梁桩基的相互影响分区研究

依托青岛红岛—胶南城际轨道交通工程侧穿多座桥梁的工程实例,采用有限元强度折减法,对上软下硬地层桩基近接影响下的隧道安全系数变化规律进行研究。结果表明:1)水平方向上,随水平净距增大,隧道安全系数增加,至1倍洞径后,安全系数趋于稳定;2)竖直方向上,随埋深增加,隧道安全系数表现为先增大后减小;3)桩基的存在将降低隧道安全系数,增加隧道达到最大安全系数所需的埋深。通过有无桩基对比,对不同相对位置关系下的地铁隧道近接桥梁施工影响程度进行判定:1)总体上竖向的影响范围和影响程度均大于横向;2)当隧道埋深位于桩底以上时,近接施工几乎只对隧道产生影响;3)当隧道埋深位于桩底以下时,近接施工对于隧道和桥梁桩基均有不同程度的影响,当隧道位于桩底时达到最大。通过样条函数插值补全和多重二次曲面拟合的方法,给出影响系数通用分区图,并结合数值模拟下的桩基受力变形特征,得出影响系数0.8对应的等值线为强影响区与弱影响区的分界线,影响系数1的等值线为弱影响区与无影响区的分界线。通过影响分区结论与监测数据对比,验证了研究成果的实用性。     

基于"互联网+"的城市轨道交通乘客智能服务模式探讨

随着"互联网+"通信技术和产品的不断更迭,广大人民群众获取资讯的方式和习惯也悄然改变,手机App、微信等孕育而生,服务不再受时间和空间的限制,而城市轨道交通与乘客的沟通窗口仍停留在实体客服中心(票亭),势必无法跟上当今社会高效的节奏。首次提出基于"互联网+"的城市轨道交通乘客智能服务模式,搭建全维度的综合智能客服平台,通过线上地铁APP、微信公众号等在线客服,将畅通沟通服务融入市民生活;通过车站线下乘客自助终端、智能客服中心等自助设备,车站现场逐步向"无人化"值守转变,形成"一站式"快捷资讯服务;同时设置快速客服响应体制,通知就近的现场工作人员"响应式"精准专项服务,同时辅以服务质量监控系统。提出乘客智能服务新模式,适应人民群众新需求和社会技术发展,将传统以现场人工为主的模式向线上集中智能服务模式转变,节约车站运营人力,降低运营成本。新的客服模式已在2019年10月广州智慧地铁示范工程中作为重点成果进行展示,系统运营至今效果显著,为广州地铁"十三五"新线建设及既有线网大规模改造推广积累宝贵的运营经验,也为国内其他城市乘客服务新思路的应用提供参考。     

Reducing speed and fuel transfer of the Green Flag Incentive Program in Kaohsiung Port Taiwan

This research applied the Green Flag Program to assess the benefits of reducing speed and fuel transfer for large merchant vessels (bulk and container) entering Kaohsiung Port. This study adopts an activity-based model to calculate fuel consumption and emissions, as well as setting up two scenarios, (1) decrease vessel speed to 12 knots 20 nm away from port; and (2) decrease vessel speed to 12 knots and transfer fuel 20 nm away from port, which based on the Green Flag Program in Long Beach, in the U.S. The findings are (1) In scenario one, the container and bulk vessels saw reductions in CO₂ emissions of about 41% and 14%, respectively. In scenario two, container and bulk vessels had reductions of about 48% and 43% in SO₂ emissions, respectively. (2) Large vessels are more environmentally friendly than small vessels. (3) Using the CATCH model to assess the effectiveness of the two scenarios, it was found that container vessels benefited from both reducing speed and fuel transfer, while bulk carriers only did so from the former.     

Green port project scheduling with comprehensive efficiency consideration

ABSTRACT

Ports are an important driving force for world economic growth, but they consume considerable energy. The marine sector has proposed the development of green ports to achieve low-carbon sustainable development. This paper presents a green project scheduling model of port construction to optimize comprehensive economic and environmental efficiency. Various realistic constraints are considered, including investment scale, energy savings, emissions reduction, and project priority. Comprehensive efficiency involves cost reduction, energy savings, emissions reduction, and other efficiency goals. The problem is formulated as an integer program and is solved using CPLEX in a general algebraic modeling system (GAMS). We use a representative port in China as a case port in solving its green project scheduling. The results show that the port can save 6,527 tons of standard coal, reduce 40,875 tons of CO₂, and save 49 million yuan per year in the five-year implementation period. The payback in investing in these green projects is less than six years. From an economic and environmental perspective, the comprehensive efficiency achieved is significant.     

车载信号电源同步切除同步供电设计方案

针对信号设备维护人员提出的"车载信号设备首尾应同步断电、同步供电"需求,为方便维修及维护,缩短故障时延,设计了车载信号设备首尾同步供电、同步切除方案,任意一端均可操作执行。     

船舶轴系校中质量问题分析与解决对策

船舶轴系校中质量存在问题,将会引起各轴承加速磨损,艉轴管密封件损坏,甚至引起船体振动从而引发各设备、零件的损坏,直接影响船舶的航行安全。通过对影响轴系校中质量的原因进行查找和分析,进而提出相应的解决对策。     

高桩承台桩基计算

根据现行规范及桩基计算理论,编写了计算程序,通过算例分析比较,程序计算结果比较精确,可以使用程序方便地计算高桩承台桩基的位移以及内力,从而为工程设计提供依据。     

基于颗粒流的强度折减法分析匀质土坡稳定性

将颗粒流方法与强度折减法结合,对匀质土坡稳定性进行了分析。通过对颗粒间的接触强度和摩擦系数同时进行折减,直到土坡破坏,此时的折减系数即为土坡安全系数。另外,由土坡颗粒的位移矢量图确定了滑裂面的位置。