保温新材料新工艺介绍

文章就国家专利产品复合花纹铝板、三防保温被两种保温新材料新工艺产品进行介绍。说明了这些新材料新工艺在海上采油平台和船舶行业的应用。     

沥青BBR小梁试验的流变分析

以粘弹性理论为基础，采用Burgers模型表征沥青的本构关系，推导沥青材料在BBR小梁弯曲试验的蠕变规律，并利用DPS统计软件进行非线型回归，求解沥青粘弹性参数，并分析BBR试验SHRP评价方法的本质．通过Shell70#沥青BBR小梁试验流变特性的实例分析及将粘弹性参数用于预测相同温度下直接拉伸试验的应力变化特性，认为利用Burgers粘弹性本构模型表征沥青材料特性的物理意义明确，可用于评价材料的使用性能．     

Microbial food web responses to light and nutrients beneath the coastal Arctic Ocean sea ice during the winter–spring transition

We measured the abundance and biomass of phototrophic and heterotrophic microbes in the upper mixed layer of the water column in ice-covered Franklin Bay, Beaufort Sea, Canada, from December 2003 to May 2004, and evaluated the influence of light and nutrients on these communities by way of a shipboard enrichment experiment. Bacterial cell concentrations showed no consistent trends throughout the sampling period, averaging (± SD) 2.4 (0.9) × 10⁸ cells L^− 1; integrated bacterial biomass for the upper mixed layer ranged from 1.33 mg C m^− 3 to 3.60 mg C m^− 3. Small cells numerically dominated the heterotrophic protist community in both winter and spring, but in terms of biomass, protists with a diameter > 10 µm generally dominated the standing stocks. Heterotrophic protist biomass integrated over the upper mixed layer ranged from 1.23 mg C m^− 3 to 6.56 mg C m^− 3. Phytoplankton biomass was low and variable, but persisted during the winter period. The standing stock of pigment-containing protists ranged from a minimum value of 0.38 mg C m^− 3 in winter to a maximal value of 6.09 mg C m^− 3 in spring and the most abundant taxa were Micromonas-like cells. These picoprasinophytes began to increase under the ice in February and their population size was positively correlated with surface irradiance. Despite the continuing presence of sea ice, phytoplankton biomass rose by more than an order of magnitude in the upper mixed layer by May. The shipboard experiment in April showed that this phototrophic increase in the community was not responsive to pulsed nutrient enrichment, with all treatments showing a strong growth response to improved irradiance conditions. Molecular (DGGE) and microscopic analyses indicated that most components of the eukaryotic community responded positively to the light treatment. These results show the persistence of a phototrophic inoculum throughout winter darkness, and the strong seasonal response by arctic microbial food webs to sub-ice irradiance in early spring.     

客运专线无砟轨道系统设计

根据我国客运专线的工程特点,无砟轨道结构选型应遵循施工性、维护性、动力性、适应性和经济性的5个基本原则,并给出2类无砟轨道的性能.在研究确定无砟轨道设计理论和原则的基础上,建议设计轮重取静轮重的3倍、疲劳检算轮重取静轮重的1.5倍.板式无砟轨道不同弹性模量的砂浆垫层对轨下基础刚度的影响不同,建议研发新型填充层材料.合理确定无砟轨道的弹性,建议轨下基础刚度的合理范围为20～30kN·mm-1.通过定期打磨钢轨和钢轨无缝化,降低噪音;通过降低轨道刚度、提高轨道参振质量,降低线路下部结构物的振动.无砟轨道的设计寿命应为60年,为此应制定相应的维修标准和管理办法.     

桥面防水粘结层施工质量控制

结合武汉市珞狮南路高架桥防水粘结层施工经验,介绍了防水粘结层的相关技术指标,从原材料选择、桥面板处理、施工工艺等方面对防水粘结层施工质量控制要点进行了总结,为同类项目提供有益参考。     

杭州地铁越江盾构隧道冲刷线下覆土厚度的确定

杭州地铁1号线滨江站—富春路站区间盾构施工隧道穿越钱塘江,介绍该区间的纵断面设计在多个设计阶段进行调整的过程,阐述冲刷线下盾构隧道的覆土厚度确定的多种因素,除了要满足抗浮的要求,还需要满足纵向计算中接头张开量的要求,同时还需要注意避开导致较大工程风险的卵石层、下部岩层等较硬土层。介绍越江盾构隧道的冲刷线下覆土厚度情况,以及如何确定越江盾构隧道的冲刷线下的覆土厚度。说明越江盾构隧道的冲刷线下覆土厚度的确定是隧道设计的关键技术,需要综合考虑多个条件,确定合理的纵断面。     

半刚性基层顶面处理技术在山区沥青路面中的应用

针对山区公路沥青路面容易出现的层间滑移、开裂等病害,在分析其产生原因的基础上,提出改进半刚性基层混合料级配、严格做好透层油施工、增加下封层等半刚性基层顶面处理技术,经实际应用证明效果良好,值得总结推广。     

中兴隧道断层破碎带施工处理技术

文章以中兴隧道断层破碎带施工为例,介绍了全断面帷幕注浆施工和超前小管棚的施工处理技术,并对处理后的围岩进行了监控量测,分析了围岩开裂变形现象产生的原因,提出了相应的处治措施。     

低温稀土渗硼研究

研究了稀土元素对固体渗硼的作用，测试了４５钢低温渗硼层的组织与性能．结果表明：加适量的稀土元素可显著的提高渗硼速度，低温渗硼层是由ＦｅＢ、Ｆｅ２Ｂ和Ｆｅ３（Ｃ２Ｂ）等相组成．其渗层组织致密、无明显疏松及孔洞，渗硼层前沿过渡区较窄，有良好的抗磨损特性．     

半刚性基层材料疲劳引起的基层受力变化

对因材料疲劳引起的半刚性基层底部的弯拉应力、弯拉应变以及基层内部各点的受力状况进行了计算,并总结了它们的变化规律。