小型机械开关抖动时间的测定

本文提出了一种通过测量小型机械开关抖动时间,对开关故障进行预测的一种方法。     

气垫船动力装置系统振动特性研究

本文以一艘全垫升气垫船为研究对象，对其动力装置系统各支架局部振动进行了试验研究，提出了动力装置系统各支架振动特性计算的数学模型并进行了有限元动力分析，对计算结果和试验结果进行了比较研究，得出了一些重要结论，可为同类船设计者提供参考。     

道床板长度对减振垫轨道结构振动性能影响分析

橡胶减振垫整体道床是一种新型的减振轨道结构,然而,工程应用中,单元道床板结构长度的选择尚无明确指导性意见。采用模态分析、谐响应分析法分析不同道床板长度橡胶减振垫整体道床结构固有频率、振型及传递函数。分析表明:(1)单元道床板长度变化对道床垂弯、道床扭转振型主振频率影响较明显;(2)2.5、3.75 m单元道床轨道结构频谱幅值出现在一阶横弯振型频率,而≥5 m的道床板,其频谱幅值主要出现在道床沉浮振型对应频率附近;(3)减振垫整体道床频谱曲线幅值随着道床单元结构长度的增加而大幅减小;(4)当单元道床结构长度≥5 m时,频响幅值随单元长度变化不大。     

浮置板与整体道床轨道车轨振动特性对比分析

基于车-轨耦合动力学理论,对钢弹簧浮置板轨道和整体道床轨道进行耦合动力学分析。对比地铁车辆在两种轨道上运行时的车体加速度、轮轨相互作用力、钢轨加速度以及轨道板(道床板)振动加速度等指标,对浮置板轨道的应用具有理论指导意义。对比从时域和频域分别进行,结果表明,将整体道床轨道替换为浮置板轨道后,车体垂向加速度、轮轨动作用力受到的影响很小,时域幅值略微有减小趋势;钢轨加速度和轨道板(道床板)表面加速度有明显增大趋势,所以浮置板轨道在减小板下振动的同时势必会引起轨道结构振动噪声增大以及疲劳伤损加快等弊端,应加以研究控制。     

Passive control of jacket–type offshore wind turbine vibrations by single and multiple tuned mass dampers

Vibration control is gaining focuses in the field of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in recent years as the turbine tower becomes taller and more slender. Although a number of research works have been carried out to control the OWT vibrations, using tuned mass damper (TMD) and multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs) to control the jacket–type OWT vibrations is rarely reported, especially for the MTMDs, of which the application in the field of OWTs is still in the initial stage. This study focuses on the performance of TMD and MTMDs in controlling the tower vibrations of the jacket–type OWT subjected to the combined wind, wave and current loads, which are the most common external vibration resources for OWTs. The control effectiveness is numerically investigated and evaluated by the reductions of the standard deviation displacement (σ(d)) and the standard deviation acceleration (σ(a)) of the tower top. After the installation of TMD, σ(d) and σ(a) are reduced by 32% and 29% respectively. Larger TMD mass ratios lead to better control effectiveness, but the improvement becomes less obvious as the mass ratios constantly increase. The control effectiveness of the MTMD system is slightly decreased compared with a single large TMD. However, the robustness of MTMDs is superior since the OWT vibrations can still be controlled effectively even if some TMDs do not function. The control effectiveness of the MTMD system can also be affected by the change in the positions of malfunctioned TMDs.     

Detection and Classification of Vehicles by Measurement of Road-Pavement Vibration and by Means of Supervised Machine Learning

Road vehicle detection and, to a lesser extent, classification have received considerable attention, in particular for the purpose of traffic monitoring by transportation authorities. A multitude of sensors and systems have been developed to assist people in traffic monitoring. Camera-based systems have enjoyed wide adoption over the last decade, partially substituting for more traditional techniques. Methods based on road-pavement vibration are not as common as camera-based systems. However, vibration sensors may be of interest when sensors must be out of sight and insensitive to environmental conditions, such as fog. We present and discuss our work on detection and classification of vehicles by measurement of road-pavement vibration and by means of supervised machine learning. We describe the entire processing chain from sensor data acquisition to vehicle classification and discuss our results for the task of vehicle detection and the task of vehicle classification separately. Using data for a single vibration sensor, our results show a performance ranging between 94% and near 100% for the detection task (1340 samples) and between 43% and 86% for the classification task (experiment specific, between 454 and 1243 samples).     

船舶结构复合阻尼材料减振性能实验研究

研制了一种自粘性复合阻尼减振胶板,在-30~60℃宽温域内,材料的平均损耗因子达到0.35。采用单点激励振动模态实验方法,研究了复合阻尼材料对船舶模型振动模态阻尼比的影响。采用动力设备运行模拟激励实验,研究了复合阻尼材料对船舶模型结构的阻尼减振效果。结果表明,粘贴复合阻尼材料后,船舶模型在500Hz范围内的模态阻尼比增加了6倍,船舶底舱结构的平均减振效果达到5dB,船舶甲板结构的平均减振效果达到6~11dB。实验研究结果对于船舶薄壁结构的阻尼减振设计具有参考价值。     

剪切流作用下立管涡激响应的研究

为研究剪切流作用下立管的涡激振动问题,文章建立了三维立管的涡激动力响应方程,顺流方向的力通过Morison方程求解;横向涡激力采用改进的尾流阵子模型求解,考虑了附加质量的变化;轴向力的计算考虑平台升沉运动的影响。采用有限单元法离散控制方程,离散后的方程采用Newmark-β法在时域求解。在此基础上,研究了剪切流作用下立管的多模态涡激振动响应,讨论了剪切参数对立管涡激动力响应的影响,并比较了均匀流和剪切流条件下立管不同的响应特征。结果表明,剪切参数对立管的涡激响应动力响应有很大的影响,剪切流条件下立管呈现的多模态响应极为复杂,与均匀来流条件下的振幅和频率响应特点明显不同。     

悬架偏频对制动性能影响分析

制动性能是衡量车辆好坏的一个重要指标,世界上任何一个国家对此都有严格要求。本文着重介绍一款轻型载货车辆在设计验证过程中,车辆空载行驶速度超过40km／h时,在紧急制动情况下后桥出现抖动现象。通过对车辆制动系统、悬架系统全面分析,找到问题所在,最后在不影响车辆性能的前提下,通过适当调整后悬架板簧的刚度达到解决车辆制动抖动。     

TLMD阻尼器在桥梁工程上的应用研究

为有效抑制九江长江大桥三大拱吊杆的涡激振动,曾为其加装了TMD阻尼器.近20 a来其涡激振动得到了控制,但却造成了阻尼器长期大幅振动状态下的疲劳损伤.为避免当损伤积累后将削弱减振效果并危及结构安全,依托该桥三大拱吊杆新型液体-质量双调谐阻尼器(TLMD)研发项目,研究了阻尼器安装质量比与主振系统及阻尼系统动力放大系数的关系,并对阻尼器振动幅值进行了理论分析.研究发现:为保证阻尼器的安全与可靠,应选取合理的阻尼器安装质量比,使得该类阻尼器的动力放大系数不超过30倍.并据此指导了该桥吊杆新增阻尼器实施方案的设计.测试结果表明减振效果良好,且未见阻尼器疲劳损伤现象.