发动机悬置刚度优化设计

利用多体动力学软件ADAMS(Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical System)建立了某动力总成悬置系统6自由度刚体动力学模型。通过线性模态提取的方法,结合某发动机实际,以力传递率最小为目标函数,悬置刚度值作为设计变量,在强迫激励下,利用二次序列规划法SQP(Sequential Quadratic Programming)进行优化,针对对隔振影响较大的参数进行调整,最终提出悬置刚度设计方案,达到了使传递力有效值降低30%左右的良好效果。     

Two-dimensional FEM model of Vortex-Induced Vibration of A Circular Cylinder

The finite element method was employed to solve the N-S equation.Incorporated with the vibration equa- tion,the vortex-induced vibration of the circular cylinder is studied by an Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)al- gorithm.The Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter and the undisturbed flow velocity ranges from 90 to 150. The motion of the cylinder was modeled by a spring-damper-mass system.The numerical model has been validated by comparison with the experimental data in literature.The"lock-in"and"beating"phenomena were successfully repro- duced in the numerical test.     

铁道车辆振动控制技术--有源与半有源悬挂分析

分析利用有源悬挂和半有源悬挂方法对铁道车辆振动控制的原理和技术。对日本最新型700系列高速列车上采用的可变阻尼减振器进行研究分析,认为其基本原理是通过高速电磁阀切换阻尼孔(节流孔),从而改变减振器的阻尼力达到控制振动的目的。指出在隧道内,车体的横向振动加速度可减少30%左右。介绍日本新开发的可以自动调整动力学性能的减震器的进展情况。给出横向用可变阻尼减振器和垂向用可变阻尼减振器内藏型空气弹簧的结构和特点。     

磁流变液减振控制应用的研究动态

磁流变流体与电流变流体相比工程应用特性优异,在振动半主动控制中的作用倍受关注。根据减振控制设备中磁流液不同的流动模式、电极的布置及运动方式从功能原理的角度将其归类;从参数与非参数的角度分析研究比较了现有模型的特点;并就国内外工程应用现状说明磁流变液的振动控制领域的广阔应用前景,最后总结出应继续深入的理论及工程应用研究方向。     

Guidance for new policy developments on railway noise and vibration

Noise and vibration are two of the main problems associated with railways in residential areas. To ensure quality of life and well-being of inhabitants living in the vicinity of railway paths, it is important to evaluate, understand, control and regulate railway noise and vibration. Much attention has been focused on the impact of noise from railway traffic but the consideration of railway-induced vibration has often been neglected. This paper aims to provide policy guidance based on results obtained from the analyses of relationships estimated from ordinal logit models between human response, railway noise exposure and railway vibration exposure. This was achieved using data from case studies comprised of face-to-face interviews (N = 931), internal vibration measurements (N = 755), and noise calculations (N = 688) collected within the study “Human Response to Vibration in Residential Environments” by the University of Salford, UK. Firstly, the implications of neglecting vibration in railway noise policies are investigated. The findings suggest that it is important to account for railway induced vibrations in future noise and transport policies, as neglecting vibrations results in an underestimation of people highly annoyed by noise. Secondly, implications of neglecting different types of railway sources are presented. It was found that the impact of noise and vibration form maintenance operations should be better understood and should be taken into account when assessing the environmental impact of railways in residential environments. Finally, factors that were found to influence railway vibration annoyance are presented and expressed as weightings. The data shows that factors specific to a particular residential area should also be taken into account in future vibration policies as the literature shows that attitudinal, socio-demographic and situational factors have a large influence on vibration annoyance responses. This work will be of interest to researchers and environmental health practitioners involved in the assessment of vibration complaints, as well as to policy makers, planners and consultants involved in the design of buildings and railways.     

Empirical model of the wake-induced lift force on a cylinder with low mass ratio

The vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of two flexible circular cylinders in a tandem configuration were studied numerically for spacing ratios ranging from 6 to 18 and the reduced velocities ranging from 2.35 to 12.59. The VIV response amplitude, response frequency, fluid force, pressure distribution and vortex structure of the tandem cylinders with different spacing ratios under different reduced velocities were compared. The results indicate that there is a great difference between the lift forces on the downstream and upstream cylinders. The lift coefficient of the downstream cylinder undergoing the wake-induced vibrations (WIV) is larger than that of the upstream cylinder, and the dominant frequency curves of the lift coefficients of the upstream and downstream cylinders separate. It can be found that the length and intensity of the wake are quite different under different reduced velocities and spacing ratios, and the reattachment positions between the wake and the downstream cylinder are different, which leads to a great change in the flow around the downstream cylinder and have a great effect on the wake-induced lift force on the downstream cylinder. Considering these factors, an empirical model for the wake-induced lift force on a cylinder with low mass ratio was proposed and verified.     

Experimental investigation on the dynamic responses of a free-hanging water intake riser under vessel motion

A large-scale model test of a free-hanging water intake riser (WIR) is performed in an ocean basin to investigate the riser responses under vessel motion. Top end of the WIR is forced to oscillate at given vessel motion trajectories. Fiber Brag Grating (FBG) strain sensors are used to measure the WIR dynamic responses. Experimental results firstly confirms that the free-hanging WIR would experience out-of-plane vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) under pure vessel motion even for the case with a KC number as low as 5. Meanwhile, comparison between numerical results and experimental measurements suggests a significant drag amplification by out-of-plane vessel motion-induced VIV. What’s more, further study on WIR response frequencies and cross section trajectories reveals a strong correlation between vessel motion-induced VIV and local KC number distribution, owing to the small KC number effect. The presented work provides useful references for gaining a better understanding on VIV induced by vessel motion, and for the development of future prediction models.     

柴油机周期双层隔振系统振动特性

舰船对动力设备的隔振性能要求越来越高,基于柴油机双层隔振系统,利用周期结构对弹性波的带隙特性,将双层隔振系统的筏体设计成周期结构。在ANSYS中对双层隔振系统进行谐响应计算,通过对比分析,斜方柱周期筏体在200-1000Hz内具有更好的隔振效果,在410.5 Hz、807 Hz处出现带宽分别为15Hz、29.5Hz带隙。采用缩减周期数的斜方柱周期筏体建立双层隔振实验系统,验证了斜方柱周期结构的带隙特性。     

汽轮发电机组半频振动的原因分析和处理

为解决汽轮发电机组出现的半频振动问题,针对汽轮机轴承开展不同轴承结构参数及形式的理论计算和试验验证,发现轴承并不是引发半频振动的直接因素。通过进一步开展试验,发现引发机组半频振动的主要原因是主油泵前后的浮动油封浮动不畅对汽轮机转子产生了附加力。经过综合分析可知,通过增加油封环室刚性和减少浮动油封摩擦力,能消除半频振动现象,保证机组的可靠运行。     

柱壳隔振系统动力学特性的研究

对柱壳隔振系统动力学特性进行的研究，以往常建立在刚体模型的基础上，这是导致振动预报与实测间存在较大误差的主要原因。从基于有限元分析的弹性体模型出发，本文对涉及柱壳隔振系统动力学特性的结构与材料方案进行了模拟激励下的响应分析与灵敏度分析，讨论了其中的各种影响因素。通过实物模型试验，验证了已建立的动力学模型，探讨了有关柱壳隔振系统设计的中的一些重要方面。