高速列车通过隧道时诱发车厢内压力波动的数值分析

在假定列车车体为均匀多孔车体的基础上,根据一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动理论与广义黎曼特征线法,研制了高速列车通过隧道过程中诱发车厢内外空气瞬变压力耦合的计算方法和计算程序。其中,基于热力学第一定律的“充排法”建立了车厢内压力波动的计算方法,并成功地将该方法推广应用于隧道内会车条件下车厢内压力的计算分析中。通过与国外试验数据的验证表明了本文计算方法与程序的正确性,为准确合理地计算高速列车通过隧道时诱发车厢内瞬变压力提供了可靠的分析工具。     

公路施工企业现金流的风险与防范

文章通过对公路施工企业容易出现的现金流风险种类及成因进行分析,提出了一些有效的现金流风险防范措施,避免企业出现现金流风险而导致破产。     

Real-time freeway traffic state estimation based on extended Kalman filter: Adaptive capabilities and real data testing

This paper reports on real data testing of a real-time freeway traffic state estimator, with a particular focus on its adaptive capabilities. The pursued general approach to the real-time adaptive estimation of complete traffic state in freeway stretches or networks is based on stochastic macroscopic traffic flow modeling and extended Kalman filtering. One major innovative feature of the traffic state estimator is the online joint estimation of important model parameters (free speed, critical density, and capacity) and traffic flow variables (flows, mean speeds, and densities), which leads to three significant advantages of the estimator: (1) avoidance of prior model calibration; (2) automatic adaptation to changing external conditions (e.g. weather and lighting conditions, traffic composition, control measures); (3) enabling of incident alarms. These three advantages are demonstrated via suitable real data testing. The achieved testing results are satisfactory and promising for subsequent applications.     

A methodological approach for developing and assessing business models for flexible transport systems

Flexible transport services include a wide range of demand responsive transport systems that provide non-conventional passenger and freight transportation services. Several alternative business models varying according to the local market conditions, the socio-economic, legal, and institutional framework may be developed for the provision of Flexible Transport Systems (FTS). The objective of this paper is twofold: first to present an integrated methodological framework for developing and assessing alternative FTS business models and second to demonstrate its applicability to a case study regarding the prioritization of alternative FTS business models for the provision of flexible passenger transport services in Helsinki.

Case Analysis on Vehicle Parking and Departure Plans for the National Stadium

As the main venue of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the National Stadium hosted the opening and closing ceremonies, field and track events, and final football games. This paper intends to study the problems associated with vehicle evacuation from the parking lot, and develop evacuation plans. First, the paper analyzes the particular conditions of the parking lot in the National Stadium, as well as its layout and vehicle evacuation. Then, it simulates and evaluates the evacuation plans with the suitably given parameters, based on the real blueprint of the National Stadium and scenarios. Finally, it conducts a comparative analysis on the accuracy and practicability of the vehicle evacuation plans based on the field data collected at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. The simulation result shows that the total vehicle evacuation time was 26 minutes and the real evacuation time was 27 minutes on the day of the opening ceremony, which verifies that the study is accurate and practical.     

公路桥梁随机车流的平稳性和各态历经性检验

根据6条公路桥梁28条车道上的WIM系统实测车辆信息,分别生成了各车道上的随机车流类型过程.用随机过程理论分别计算得到各随机车流类型过程的集合均值、集合相关函数、时间均值、时间相关函数等随机特性参数.进一步对比分析,验证了所建立的随机车流类型过程的平稳性和各态历经性.结果表明:从实际公路上调查一定数量的车辆,其统计特性能够代表总体样本的车流信息,对车辆各种特征的统计结果具有代表性,可为公路桥梁随机车辆荷载模型的建立提供参考.     

大型破冰船青睐核动力

  目的  核动力破冰船具有续航时间长、破冰能力强等优点,可以为我国极地科学考察事业提供保障。针对未来我国核动力破冰船的发展方向,开展船用反应堆非能动安全壳冷却系统（PCCS）换热器特性研究。  方法  利用Fluent软件对关键设备的换热器进行建模,研究不同方案下的流量分布情况。  结果  模拟结果显示：增大传热管束中心管间距可提高流量分配的均匀性;分配联箱与汇流联箱的截面积比取为0.7时,流量分配较均匀。  结论  所做研究可为我国新一代核动力破冰船反应堆的方案设计提供技术参考。     

发展时变附加质量方法模拟飞行器出水过程

  目的  水空跨介质航行器（TMAUV）的斜出水过程是一个强非线性、非定常、流场变化剧烈的过程。基于一种可变体的TMAUV的水下构型,利用CFD流体仿真软件,对该构型在典型工况下的出水过程进行数值仿真。  方法  分析航行器在此过程中不同阶段的流场变化特性及其载荷的分布,比较航行器以不同的俯仰角和攻角出水时,在2个典型位置的流体速度场分布和航行器所受流体作用力的特性。  结果  结果表明,航行器倾斜跨越水空界面时两侧的流场和载荷会出现不对称的剧烈变化,俯仰角越大,在水下部分流场受动范围越小,跨越出水部分受影响越大;与零攻角出水相比,航行器带攻角倾斜出水会导致表面所受流体作用力出现高频率、大幅度的反向震荡,影响出水的稳定性。  结论  研究结果可为研究潜射导弹出水、船舶航行、潜艇跨介质等问题提供研究思路和理论参考。     

波浪作用下带月池结构船体运动数值预报

  目的  带月池的海上平台作业效率及作业安全性要求不断提高,波浪作用下平台自身运动及月池内流体运动带来的共振问题愈发凸显。  方法  为此,基于势流理论的常数边界元法,开发波流与三维物体相互作用的数值模拟计算程序。选取某带月池钻井船,对其运动展开频域数值计算,对无航速时数值模型计算程序的计算结果与水动力软件AQWA计算结果进行对比,验证无航速时所开发计算程序的可靠性。将波流工况计算结果与实验结果对比,验证该数值方法的准确性。  结果  通过比较多种月池长宽比、月池吃水、波浪入射角度以及有、无航速情况下的船舶运动,发现带月池钻井船在升沉和摇摆运动上都会发生共振现象,引入迎流流速会调制和加剧月池的共振。  结论  研究结果可为带月池船舶的运动响应预报及共振抑制提供参考依据。     

城市交叉口交通流特征与短时预测模型

时间尺度大于15 min的城市交通流预测模型已无法满足交通信号实时控制和交通信息实时发布的需求, 通过对广州市中心区交叉路口交通流长期观察和数据采集, 分析了各种时间尺度的交通流特性, 提出以路口信号周期作为时间尺度, 绿灯流率作为变量的ARIMA (p, d, q) 短时交通预测模型。以1个和3个信号周期的时间尺度为例, 对城市交叉路口不同时间段交通流进行建模和预测。结果表明ARIMA (p, d, q) 预测模型结构稳定, 算法简单, 时间尺度为3个信号周期的预测模型可以很好地保持交通流特征, 均方根误差为0.015 9, 预测精度较高。