间断流速度-密度关系模型研究

为了得到城市道路间断流的速度-密度关系,定义了宏观速度和密度参数,利用VISSIM仿真获取基础数据并进行统计分析,进而引入4参数Logit模型完成数据拟合,建立了速度-密度的4参数Logit模型.其次,分析了交通组成、道路几何形式和信号控制参数对模型参数的影响,完成了模型参数与影响因素之间的多元回归拟合,建立了适用于不同条件下的间断流速度-密度模型.通过实际数据验证,得到的一般4参数Logit模型的拟合优度为0.7左右,能够较为准确地描述间断流速度-密度关系.     

城市道路短期交通流预测VHSSA模型

针对出行者出行时对交通信息预报以及动态路径规划的要求,对路段的历史交通流时间序列数据进行了研究,利用城市路段交通流的周期相似性特征提出了基于纵横序列相似性的短期交通流预测VHSSA模型,该模型克服了以往预测模型只考虑纵向时间序列周期性相似的缺陷,将全时间序列数据进行小波变换后分解为反映基本变化规律的基序列和反映波动变化情况的波动序列,既可只进行基序列预测,也可通过置信区间对波动序列进行修正,再与基序列叠加进行全序列预测.经试例验证,VHSSA模型和基于纵向序列相似性的VSSA模型分别与实测序列的基序列和全序列进行比对,VHSSA模型的预测效果总体优于VSSA模型,误差可满足实际要求.     

静水航行船舶粘性兴波阻力计算分析(英文)

The prediction of a ship's resistance especially the viscous wave-making resistance is an important issue in CFD applications. In this paper, the resistances of six ships from hull 1 to hull 6 with different hull forms advancing in still water are numerically studied using the solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU, which was developed based on the open source code package OpenFOAM. Different components of the resistances are computed and compared while considering two speed conditions(12 kn and 16 kn). The resistance of hull 3 is the smallest while that of hull 5 is the largest at the same speed. The results show hull 3 is a good reference for the design of similar ships, which can provide some valuable guidelines for hull form optimization.     

边际油田水下液滑环总体设计分析

以渤海湾边际油田环境条件和开发特点为基础,通过对"长青号"FPSO的旧液滑环拆解分析和FLUENT流场计算,研究掌握了液滑环腔体设计参数特性。在此基础上,提出水下液滑环设计方案,并对不同腔体截面型式进行计算分析,并对比计算结果。     

基于CFD的半潜式钻井服务支持平台拖航阻力数值分析

通过分离涡模拟法（detached eddy simulation,DES）对半潜式钻井服务支持平台拖航阻力进行了研究,重点对平台拖航阻力、阻力系数和平台表面附近流场分布等特性进行了研究。研究表明：流方向下平台各结构所受阻力各不相同,下浮体占据总阻力比最大（尤其是90°来流方向下）。阻力系数及升力系数时历曲线变化具有“脉动性”。通过平台表面附近流场分布可以分析涡形成及受力原因,逆方向流及涡之间相互作用使得阻力有所减小。     

切向单双入口旋流器油-水两相分离流场及特性研究

运用雷诺应力模型（RSM）及两相流 MIXTURE 混合模型和 SIMPLEC 算法对切向单、双入口旋流器内的流场进行模拟分析。采用作图法描述了锥段中间截面处的切向速度、径向速度、湍动能及湍能耗散率,使内部复杂旋流流场的分析得以简化。模拟结果表明：单入口旋流器内流场具有不对称性,呈现偏心结构,双入口旋流器流场具有较好的对称性;油-水分离时,切向双入口旋流器中的分离效率为96%,高于单入口旋流器的94%,但同时增大了能量消耗。实验测试结果显示：流量为3 m3/ h 时的实际分离效率为90%,与模拟结果的平均误差为5%,处理流量相同时,采用切向双入口旋流器更能提高分离效率。     

基于 CFD 技术某超大型复杂腔体流场数值研究

为研究复杂腔体内航行体在出筒过程中的燃气流场和腔体内部压力建立情况,采用计算流体力学方法和动网格技术,对航行体出筒过程进行数值模拟。将安置在腔体内的航行体作为运动实体,随着航行体的运动,相应的流场计算边界发生变化。计算过程根据当前时刻喷管内流场及燃气流场计算航行体受力情况,确定航行体在任意计算时刻的运动速度,并由相应的运动边界更新网格,计算新网格下的流场参数分布。计算结果与实验结果符合较好,说明文中方法能够有效地揭示航行体出筒过程中燃气流的动力特性,通过分析这些流动现象,为工程应用提供有意义的参考。     

基于潜艇模型尾流湍流强度和耗散率的CFD模拟

优良的隐身性能使得潜艇具有强大的突防能力,因此,控制潜艇尾流信号特征对于提高潜艇隐身性能意义重大,这些信号特征主要包括尾部湍流强度、湍动能、湍流耗散率等。同时,优良的艇型对于抑制尾流信号特征、提高潜艇快速性和隐身性也具有重要意义。基于此,采用RANS方法计算SUBOFF潜艇主艇体艇型及6种改良艇型的艇体粘性绕流,将CFD方法用于分析艇体半径、艇艏长度、艇艉长度等参数对潜艇尾流信号特征的影响。计算结果显示：在SUBOFF潜艇主艇体艇型及其6种改良艇型的尾流场中,增加艇体半径有利于抑制远尾流场湍流信号特征,在近场则不利;增加艇艏长度能降低近尾流场湍流信号特征,在远场影响较小;增加艇艉长度在近、远尾流场均有利于降低其信号特征。     

Modelling heavy vehicle car‐following behaviour in congested traffic conditions

This study develops a car‐following model in which heavy vehicle behaviour is predicted separately from passenger car. Heavy vehicles have different characteristics and manoeuvrability compared with passenger cars. These differences could create problems in freeway operations and safety under congested traffic conditions (level of service E and F) particularly when there is high proportion of heavy vehicles. With increasing numbers of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream, model estimates of the traffic flow could be degrades because existing car‐following models do not differentiate between these vehicles and passenger cars. This study highlighted some of the differences in car‐following behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger drivers and developed a model considering heavy vehicles. In this model, the local linear model tree approach was used to incorporate human perceptual imperfections into a car‐following model. Three different real world data sets from a stretch of freeway in USA were used in this study. Two of them were used for the training and testing of the model, and one of them was used for evaluation purpose. The performance of the model was compared with a number of existing car‐following models. The results showed that the model, which considers the heavy vehicle type, could predict car‐following behaviour of drivers better than the existing models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The ‘Four Dimensions of Behaviour’ framework: a tool for characterising behaviours to help design better interventions

This paper sets out the rationale and structure of a tool for assisting policy-makers and practitioners to understand behavioural challenges and open up thinking on the design of effective ‘behaviour change’ interventions. The ‘Four Dimensions of Behaviour’ (4DB) framework is based on the theoretical and empirical research in a range of policy domains including transport and pro-environmental behaviour more generally. The 4DB framework characterises multifaceted behaviours along dimensions of actor, domain, durability and scope. Its application in workshop or structured settings opens up diverse and non-exclusive discussion on designing interventions to match salient behavioural characteristics. The use of the 4DB framework in the transport domain is demonstrated for travel behaviours of interest to policy-makers using examples of buying plug-in vehicles (PiVs), commuting by bicycle, eco-driving and making business trips by train.