某越野车顶盖密封性能特征分析与优化

解决整车的淋雨密封性问题是整车研发、制造过程中的一个系统性、复杂性的工程,然而目前密封的机理与解决方法尚不完善。基于此,文章介绍了一种越野车型漏水问题的研究方法与解决思路,提出了动态水流路径分析法与DOE实验设计结合的策略。对车身结构、相关零部件的密封性能进行分析评估,确定异常水流路径及影响因子,通过正交实验以及均值分析得到最优化的密封条唇边降低高度、硬度、长度参数,并在批量生产过程中进行充分的验证,改善了顶盖间密封系统,将整车的淋雨一次通过率从62.5%提高至99.3%。     

交互式水域环卫机器人的避障路径规划算法

为使交互式水域环卫机器人（Interactive Water Sanitation Vehicle，IWSV）在进行垃圾收集时成功捕获水中浮动垃圾并顺利规避水域障碍物，提出一种将基于采样的快速搜索随机树（Rapidly-exploring Random Tree，RRT）算法与速度障碍模型相结合的路径规划算法。利用双目摄像头基于视差定位法获取水域动态障碍物的位置坐标，利用IWSV搭载的感应元件获取其自身与障碍物的相对方位角，基于速度障碍法计算可成功避开障碍物的移动角度调整范围，对更优的RRT*算法中的随机采样过程进行进一步优化，得到改进的避障路径规划算法。考虑实际应用场景，引入抗积分饱和比例积分微分控制（Proportional Integral Differential Control，PID Control）法使航向控制器的控制效果更为精准有效。在实景测试时避障路径规划算法存在稳健性，基于到达时间（Time of Arrival，TOA）定位法进行仿真分析。仿真试验结果表明，该路径规划算法比RRT算法和改进前的RRT*算法路径规划效果更优，可靠性更好，可在较短时间内避障并得到较优移动路径。在实景测试时基于TOA的Chan算法更加符合定位估计需求，且IWSV本体感应装置的噪声测算宜在10 m以内。     

Fatigue tests on grouted connection segment specimens in offshore wind turbine structures considering water ingression

Grouted connections (GCs) are widely used to connect superstructures and driven piles in offshore wind turbine structures. They resist fatigue loading in marine splash zones and even submerged environments. In this paper, six GC segment specimens were designed and tested under fatigue loading in both the air and water ingression conditions. The results in the air condition showed that for the specimens with lower loading ranges, the strain distributions and residual displacements stabilized after 20 thousand load cycles. These conditions persisted until the end of the test with two million cycles, with only a few tiny cracks appearing on the grout material surface. Meanwhile, wide cracks and grout material exfoliation were found in specimens with higher loading ranges. The residual displacement accumulated gradually, which eventually caused the termination of the test when it reached 5 mm after 1.3 million cycles. The results in the water ingression condition showed that the water had entered into the micro-cracks of the grout material, which severely degraded the fatigue behavior of the GC specimens. Even in lower loading ranges, specimens W-1 and W-2 only endured 0.264 million and 64 thousand load cycles before the displacement of the top clamp reached −10 mm. Compared with two specimens tested in the air, with a total displacement of less than −0.7 mm after two million load cycles, the severe deteriorating effect of water ingression on the fatigue behavior of GCs was apparent.