基于Richards-BP模型的地表沉降特征预测模型研究

地下开采引起的地表沉降大致呈S形发展,最终趋于稳定状态,这能够运用生长曲线Richards函数进行预测分析。同时,又因为测量和外界存在不确定性和随机性,使得地表沉降也具有动态的特征。针对地下岩矿开采矿区地表沉降曲线与Richards预测模型曲线的相似性,分析了Richards模型在地表沉降预测中的适用性,提出通过Richards生长曲线模型预测矿区地表沉降的趋势性变形部分,利用BP神经网络模型降低地表沉降的随机性影响部分,提高模型预测效果。计算结果证明了其在地表沉降预测中的适用性和可行性。     

基于Peck公式的藏区公路隧道施工地面沉降预测

在隧道施工中结合现场地表下沉量测实测数据,利用Peck公式进行地表沉降计算,反分析法确定沉降槽曲线最大沉降量和沉降槽宽度及关键参数,并对拟合参数进行了检验。比较修正了沉降槽宽度计算经验公式,给出青藏高原东南部地区Peck公式中沉降槽宽度系数的初步建议值,验证了适合我国藏区具体地质条件与施工手段的公路隧道地表沉降预测模型。研究表明:Peck公式适用于青藏高原地区公路山岭隧道施工地面沉降预测,隧道进口浅埋段施工引起的地表沉降曲线基本符合高斯分布规律,进口段埋深较浅地表沉降槽宽度越大,埋深越大沉降槽宽度越小。     

丙烯酸酯无皂乳液半连续聚合研究

针对传统乳液的种种弊病,我国对无皂乳液聚合的工艺方法进行了大量的研究。本试验在丙烯酸酯乳液的配方中引入另一种新型的表面活性单体烯丙氧基羟丙基磺酸钠(COPS-1),采用种子半连续聚合的方法制备出稳定的无皂乳液。当COPS-1用量为1.5%-2%时,所得的无皂乳液性能良好。TEM表明乳胶粒为规则的核壳结构,粒径大小为3-6μm。     

Nonlinear hydroelastic behavior of propellers using a finite-element method and lifting surface theory

A finite-element method coupled with analysis of a noncavitating lifting surface was used to assess the performance of a marine propeller, including the thrust, torque, efficiency coefficients, and deflections. The formulation used displacements as unknowns in the structural part and the strength of the vortex as unknowns in the fluid part. A coupled matrix derived from the Bernoulli equation and hydrostatic pressure in terms of the strength, of the vortex enforced coupling between the fluid and the structure. The resulting matrix equation was unsymmetric and nonlinear; a Newton-Raphson procedure was used to solve this equation. The numerical results were compared with test data; computed and measured values agreed satisfactorily. We also investigated the effect of blade thickness on the performance and strength of the propeller. We did not consider the fatigue strengh of the propeller in this analysis.     

船用917钢抗冲击性能试验

无论金属材料或是非金属材料,其力学性能都是与应变率相关的.由于应变率历史效应以及在高速变形条件下产生绝热剪切带等不稳定性因素,使得材料对于高应变率响应的问题变得十分复杂,而一些实验方法则起到了重要作用.材料的本构关系是与水下爆炸等现象仿真研究的精度直接相关的,材料在高应变率下本构关系的确定,对水下爆炸等产生高应变率现象进行仿真研究具有重要意义.本文通过Hopkinson杆装置对船用917低磁钢进行了抗冲击性能研究,并由试验给出了仿真研究中适用的本构关系.     

Trace metals in water, sediments and marine organisms from the northern part of the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea

Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were determined in water, sediments, gastropod (Bulla umpulla) and green algae (Ulva lactuca) collected from five stations in the western side of the northern part of the Gulf of Suez during the period February 1993–January 1994. Sediments recorded the highest concentrations of Cd (2.26–4.40 μg/g) and Pb (13.90–28.34 μg/g), While the highest concentrations of the essential metals Cu and Zn were found in B. umpulla (28.19–72.04 and 60.24–108.74 μg/g, respectively). Water and sediments showed similar spatial distribution patterns for the highest mean values of the different metals. Highest values of the studied metals were found at stations influenced by various pollution sources such as harbours, and sewage and industrial drains. In contrast, the lowest concentrations were observed faraway from any pollution source. Calculations of concentration factors (C.F.) for gastropod and algae showed highest C.F. of Cd (4312.5–8705.9) and Pb (2103.3–8317.9) in algae, and highest C.F. of Cu (5288.9–42376.5) and Zn (3686.7–9631.5) in gastropod.     

Long-term changes of inorganic nutrients in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy)

The paper aims at investigating the trends of the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorous in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy, in the last 35 years. The trend analysis of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and reactive phosphorus (RP) yielded rather different results. The decrease in ammonia nitrogen concentration, in particular, in the basin influenced by severe industrial discharges, is accurately described by a negative exponential model. The nitrate concentration did not show significant interannual trends, while wide seasonal variations have been detected. Reactive phosphorus concentration increased until the end of the 1970s at the stations close to the industrial area as well as in those influenced by river discharges and by sewages of the city of Venice. The sudden decrease that followed was most likely related with environmental policies, namely the improvement of wastewater purification treatments and the regulation of phosphorus use in detergents.     

沥青路面抗滑表层的设计与对比分析

结合国内外最新研究成果,针对某试验路的特点,选择确定了试验路采用的3种抗滑表层混合料类型以及混合料采用的设计方法和技术指标。继而全面对比分析了3种抗滑表层在级配、沥青用量波动下各混合料体积参数的变化以及抗车辙与水损害性能。试验结果表明:当级配、沥青用量发生波动时,AK 13A对混合料体积参数影响最大,其次为Superpave 13,AC 13K最小;在路用性能方面AC 13K较AK 13A、Superpave 13均有不同程度的改善与提高。试验路检测结果表明:AC 13K与Superpave 13使用性能均达到或超过规范的要求,具有良好的平整度、防渗水能力;AK 13A尽管具有较大构造深度,但防渗水能力较差。这些为选择合适的抗滑表层提供了可靠依据。     

基于神经网络的直升机舰面系统效能评估

直升机舰面系统是各种先进的护卫舰、驱逐舰等大型舰艇重要的组成部分。分析影响直升机舰面系统研制方案的各种因素,利用神经网络的方法对复杂的舰载直升机舰面系统研制方案进行效能评估。     

含盐量及含水量对氯盐盐渍土抗剪强度参数的影响

盐渍土作为一类特殊的工程地质体,其抗剪强度受环境因素的影响是复杂的。通过室内试验,分析不同含盐量和含水量条件下氯盐盐渍土抗剪强度的变化规律,研究含盐量、含水量对盐渍土抗剪强度的影响机理。研究表明:在含水量达到一定量时,随着CaCl2含量的增加,氯盐盐渍土的抗剪强度参数值是先减小后增大,达到最小值时的土体临界含盐量为10.36%;在含盐量一定的情况下含水量从8%增到10%时,抗剪强度参数值减小幅度比较大,而从10%增到15.56%时,抗剪强度参数值减小幅度明显变小;土中易溶盐相态的变化,从土颗粒间溶液的离子浓度和土体骨架作用两方面影响盐渍土的抗剪强度;当含盐量一定时,随着含水量的增大,土粒间离子的浓度逐渐减小,使得扩散层厚度增大,粘结力减小。