船用917钢抗冲击性能试验

无论金属材料或是非金属材料,其力学性能都是与应变率相关的.由于应变率历史效应以及在高速变形条件下产生绝热剪切带等不稳定性因素,使得材料对于高应变率响应的问题变得十分复杂,而一些实验方法则起到了重要作用.材料的本构关系是与水下爆炸等现象仿真研究的精度直接相关的,材料在高应变率下本构关系的确定,对水下爆炸等产生高应变率现象进行仿真研究具有重要意义.本文通过Hopkinson杆装置对船用917低磁钢进行了抗冲击性能研究,并由试验给出了仿真研究中适用的本构关系.     

Trace metals in water, sediments and marine organisms from the northern part of the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea

Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were determined in water, sediments, gastropod (Bulla umpulla) and green algae (Ulva lactuca) collected from five stations in the western side of the northern part of the Gulf of Suez during the period February 1993–January 1994. Sediments recorded the highest concentrations of Cd (2.26–4.40 μg/g) and Pb (13.90–28.34 μg/g), While the highest concentrations of the essential metals Cu and Zn were found in B. umpulla (28.19–72.04 and 60.24–108.74 μg/g, respectively). Water and sediments showed similar spatial distribution patterns for the highest mean values of the different metals. Highest values of the studied metals were found at stations influenced by various pollution sources such as harbours, and sewage and industrial drains. In contrast, the lowest concentrations were observed faraway from any pollution source. Calculations of concentration factors (C.F.) for gastropod and algae showed highest C.F. of Cd (4312.5–8705.9) and Pb (2103.3–8317.9) in algae, and highest C.F. of Cu (5288.9–42376.5) and Zn (3686.7–9631.5) in gastropod.     

Long-term changes of inorganic nutrients in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy)

The paper aims at investigating the trends of the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorous in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy, in the last 35 years. The trend analysis of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and reactive phosphorus (RP) yielded rather different results. The decrease in ammonia nitrogen concentration, in particular, in the basin influenced by severe industrial discharges, is accurately described by a negative exponential model. The nitrate concentration did not show significant interannual trends, while wide seasonal variations have been detected. Reactive phosphorus concentration increased until the end of the 1970s at the stations close to the industrial area as well as in those influenced by river discharges and by sewages of the city of Venice. The sudden decrease that followed was most likely related with environmental policies, namely the improvement of wastewater purification treatments and the regulation of phosphorus use in detergents.     

沥青路面抗滑表层的设计与对比分析

结合国内外最新研究成果,针对某试验路的特点,选择确定了试验路采用的3种抗滑表层混合料类型以及混合料采用的设计方法和技术指标。继而全面对比分析了3种抗滑表层在级配、沥青用量波动下各混合料体积参数的变化以及抗车辙与水损害性能。试验结果表明:当级配、沥青用量发生波动时,AK 13A对混合料体积参数影响最大,其次为Superpave 13,AC 13K最小;在路用性能方面AC 13K较AK 13A、Superpave 13均有不同程度的改善与提高。试验路检测结果表明:AC 13K与Superpave 13使用性能均达到或超过规范的要求,具有良好的平整度、防渗水能力;AK 13A尽管具有较大构造深度,但防渗水能力较差。这些为选择合适的抗滑表层提供了可靠依据。     

基于神经网络的直升机舰面系统效能评估

直升机舰面系统是各种先进的护卫舰、驱逐舰等大型舰艇重要的组成部分。分析影响直升机舰面系统研制方案的各种因素,利用神经网络的方法对复杂的舰载直升机舰面系统研制方案进行效能评估。     

含盐量及含水量对氯盐盐渍土抗剪强度参数的影响

盐渍土作为一类特殊的工程地质体,其抗剪强度受环境因素的影响是复杂的。通过室内试验,分析不同含盐量和含水量条件下氯盐盐渍土抗剪强度的变化规律,研究含盐量、含水量对盐渍土抗剪强度的影响机理。研究表明:在含水量达到一定量时,随着CaCl2含量的增加,氯盐盐渍土的抗剪强度参数值是先减小后增大,达到最小值时的土体临界含盐量为10.36%;在含盐量一定的情况下含水量从8%增到10%时,抗剪强度参数值减小幅度比较大,而从10%增到15.56%时,抗剪强度参数值减小幅度明显变小;土中易溶盐相态的变化,从土颗粒间溶液的离子浓度和土体骨架作用两方面影响盐渍土的抗剪强度;当含盐量一定时,随着含水量的增大,土粒间离子的浓度逐渐减小,使得扩散层厚度增大,粘结力减小。     

压浆技术在道桥工程中的应用

水泥砼脱空,对路面破坏严重,其维修和养护工作难度大,耗资多。而利用板底压浆技术处治此类病害时技术效果和经济效果较好。     

华北平原地面沉降对高速铁路的影响及其对策

研究目的：研究掌握中国华北平原区域地面沉降特征及其对高速铁路工程的影响，提出针对性的防治对策与工程措施，供高速铁路勘测、设计及施工参考。 研究方法：本文结合某高速铁路北京至济南段沿线地面沉降情况，采用统计分析方法对铁路沿线各段落的地面沉降的幅度、速率及线路坡度的改变进行了计算和预测，并参考有关规范标准计算分析了不均匀沉降对高速铁路桥梁、路基及轨道平顺性的影响。 研究结果：研究确定了华北平原地面沉降区内的地表变形特征及其对高速铁路的影响方式、影响程度，并提出了针对性的防治措施和对策。 研究结论：区域性地面沉降会改变线路坡度，同时对桥梁、路基及轨道平顺性会产生一定影响，而局部的不均匀沉降对高速铁路工程的影响相对较大，可通过控制地下水开采、合理选线、采取合理的线路坡度及适宜的工程结构措施加以防治。     

海上示位标天线设计

示位标天线是确保反潜作战和海上搜救信息实时有效传输的关键。分析海上示位标天线的基本电参数,提出设计海上示位标天线的物理要求和技术要求,针对示位标使用频段设计两种适宜海上作业环境的示位标天线。     

混凝土构件表面缺陷防治

总结混凝土构件常见表面缺陷的成因及危害,提出防治措施。该措施在营口港鲅鱼圈港区四期工程54#～56#泊位施工中收到了较满意的效果。