Optimal stop spacing and headway of congested transit system considering realistic wait times

Abstract

This paper revisits the classical transit scheduling problem and investigates the relationship between stop spacing and headway, considering realistic wait time and operable transit capacity. Headway and stop spacing are important determinants for planning a transit system, which influence the service level as well as the cost of operation. A mathematical model is developed, and the objective function is user travel time which is minimized by the optimized stop spacing and headway, subject to the constraints of operable fleet size and route capacity. Optimal stop spacing and headway solutions are obtained in a numerical example. Sensitivity analysis is conducted, and the effect of model parameters on user travel time is explored.     

Optimization of Fare Structure and Service Frequency for Maximum Profitability of Transit Systems

Abstract

Providing efficient public transportation has been recognized as a potential way of alleviating congestion, improving mobility, mitigating air pollution, and reducing energy consumption. Many people use public transportation systems for their daily commute, while others use different transportation modes (e.g. cars, taxis, carpools, etc.). Inexpensive fares with good transit service encourages ridership, and the resulting revenue may be used to provide better service. Optimization of transit service frequency and its associated fare structure is desirable in order to increase revenue at reasonable transit operating expenditure. The objective of the study reported here is to maximize profit subject to service capacity constraint, while elastic demand is considered. The solution methodology is developed and applied to solve the profit maximization problem in a case study based on Newark, NJ, USA. Numerical results, including optimal solutions and sensitivity analyses, are presented. It is found that an optimal temporal headway and differential fare structure that maximizes total profit for the studied subway system can be efficiently solved.     

模块化挂车平台的设计

根据模块化、组合化及专业化运输的指导思想,运用工程分析与计算、优化设计等方法,对挂车平台进行了通用化及模块化设计,实现了其异地模块化运输及组装,能够适应多种用途上装设备的需求,使用方便,具有良好的可靠性、可维修性及安全性。     

整车CKD出口前后围的包装设计

简要介绍客车CKD生产过程中交货状态对后续工作的重要性,及在本次CKD项目中,前后围按焊合总成件交货时集装箱的选用以及前后围包装和运输方案的设计思路。     

A fuzzy stochastic approach to the multicriteria selection of an aircraft for regional chartering

This article deals with the problem of decision support for the selection of an aircraft. This is a problem faced by an airline company that is investing in regional charter flights in Brazil. The company belongs to an economic group whose core business is logistics. The problem has eight alternatives to be evaluated under 11 different criteria, whose measurements can be exact, stochastic, or fuzzy. The technique chosen for analyzing and then finding a solution to the problem is the multicriteria decision aiding method named NAIADE (Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments). The method used allows tackling the problems by working with quantitative as well as qualitative criteria under uncertainty and imprecision. Another considerable advantage of NAIADE over other multicriteria methods relies in its characteristics of not requiring a prior definition of the weights by the decision maker. As a conclusion, it can be said that the use of NAIADE provided for consistent results to that aircraft selection problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solving train formation problem using simulated annealing algorithm in a simplex framework

The train formation plan (TFP) determines the train services and their frequencies and assigns the demands. The TFP models are often formulated as a capacitated service network design problem, and the optimal solution is normally difficult to find. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm of the Simplex method and simulated annealing is proposed for the TFP problem. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is to use a simulated annealing algorithm to explore the solution space, where the revised Simplex method evaluates, selects, and implements the moves. In the proposed algorithm, the neighborhood structure is based on the pivoting rules of the Simplex method that provides an efficient method to reach the neighbors of the current solution. A state‐of‐the‐art method is applied for parameters tuning by using the design of experiments approach. To evaluate the proposed model and the solution method, 25 test problems have been simulated and solved. The results show the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The proposed approach is implemented to develop the TFP in the Iranian railway as a case study. It is possible to save significant time and cost through solving the TFP problem by using the proposed algorithm and developing the efficient TFP plan in the railway networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长输油气钢质管道维修搭接焊缝超声探伤

为实现输油气管道搭接焊缝内部缺陷的全面检测,进一步采取整治措施、消除安全隐患提供有效依据和数据支持,保证管道安全运行,文中将超声脉冲回波法与透射传输法相结合,提出一种多通道在役管道搭接焊缝检测新方法。为了验证该方法的可行性,针对焊缝可能出现的焊接缺陷制作了一系列试块并进行了试验验证,试验结果表明该方法能够准确发现焊缝内部裂纹、未熔合、未焊透、夹渣和气孔等缺陷,为管道的安全运行提供技术保障。     

管道胶体技术应用现状

胶体技术广泛地应用于解决管道介质输送的实际问题,然而目前很少有文献对该类技术进行系统地归纳和总结,因此文中结合管输实际,从可动胶体和胶体涂层2个方面总结了国内外关于胶体技术在清管、回收、隔离、保温、防腐和密封等方面的研究成果和应用进展,并讨论了该技术的应用难点和发展方向。该研究可为从胶体角度解决具体的介质管输问题,促进建立系统的管道胶体技术原理体系,以及拓宽其应用范围提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

呼和浩特市快速路出入口交通管理与控制系统研究

通过研究呼和浩特市快速路网和交通需求的特征,确定了呼和浩特市快速路出入口交通管理控制目标和功能需求。结合国内外成功应用案例,从技术层面出发,应用已经较成熟的控制算法及设备,研究提出了呼和浩特市快速路出入口交通管理控制系统。实践表明该系统可对呼和浩特市交通进行有效管理,提高该市快速路及整个路网的运行效率和服务水平,降低车辆油耗和环境污染。     

美国公共交通标准化经验及其启示

介绍了美国公共交通标准化制定机构和现有的公共交通标准化体系。通过美国现有的公共交通标准化体系与我国的公共交通标准化体系的比较分析,发现我国的公共交通标准化体系在安全、节能减排与城市设计、采购、培训这四个方面存在着明显的欠缺。由此反映出我国的公共交通标准化工作相对滞后,还不能适应新形势下城市公共交通发展的需要。进而提出了对我国公共交通标准化工作的两点启示和建议,包括完善公共交通标准体系、研究和采用国际和国外的先进标准。