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231.
232.
建造一艘船舶,其99%可以进行重新回收再利用,其1%却容易产生很多有害物质,对环境和人员产生影响。本文就目前拆船市场的一些不安全情况展开讨论,制定更加严格的拆船标准,保护环境、保证拆船人员安全。 相似文献
233.
The NW Mediterranean experiences, as illustrated by the last decade, strong and rapidly varying storms with severe waves and winds. This has motivated a continuous validation of models and the efforts to improve wave and wind predictions. In this paper we use two atmospherics models, MASS (from SMC-Meteorological Office of Catalunya) and ARPEGE (from Météo-France), to force two third generation wave models: WAM and SWAN. The evaluation and comparison has been carried out for two severe storms registered in November 2001 and March–April 2002.The ARPEGE and MASS models predicted higher 10 m wind speeds than coastal meteorological stations, a fact attributed to local land influences. Regarding the 10 m wind direction, models do not present large differences, although considerable deviations from recorded data were found during some dates. ARPEGE presents less scatter and lower errors than MASS when compared with QuikSCAT data.The 10m wind fields from both atmospheric models were used to force the two selected wave models and analyse the errors and sensitivities when predicting severe wave storms. The wave model simulations show some interesting results; during the storm, the spatial wave pattern using ARPEGE showed a higher maximum, although the values of significant wave height at the buoys were lower than the ones forced by MASS (with both WAM and SWAN). The SWAN simulations show a better agreement in predicting the growing and waning of the storm peaks. The prediction of mean period was improved when using the ARPEGE wind field. However the underestimation by SWAN due to the large energy at high frequencies was evident. Validation of spectral shape predictions showed that it still has considerable error when predicting the full frequency spectra. The storms showed bimodal spectral features which were not always reproduced by wave models and are likely to be responsible for part of the discrepancies. 相似文献
234.
A review of wave-energy extraction 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Comparing ocean-wave energy with its origin, wind energy, the former is more persistent and spatially concentrated. In this paper wave spectrum parameters related to transport, distribution and variability of wave energy in the sea are educed. Many different types of wave-energy converters, of various categories, have been proposed. It is useful to think of primary conversion of wave energy by an oscillating system as a wave-interference phenomenon. Corresponding to optimum wave interference, there is an upper bound to the amount of energy that can be extracted from a wave by means of a particular oscillating system. Taking physical limitations into account, another upper bound, for the ratio of extracted energy to the volume of the immersed oscillating system, has been derived. Finally, the significance of the two different upper bounds is discussed. 相似文献
235.
236.
Nie Wu 《船舶与海洋工程学报》2003,2(2):25-30
To find the difference in dynamic characteristics between conventional monohull ship and wave penetrating catamaran (WPC), a WPC was taken as an object; its dynamic characteristics were computed by transfer matrix method and finite element method respectively. According to the comparison of the nature frequency results and mode shape results, the fact that FEM method is more suitable to dynamic characteristics analysis of a WPC was pointed out, special features on dynamic characteristics of WPC were given, and some beneficial suggestions are proposed to optimize the strength of a WPC in design period. 相似文献
237.
Richard P. Signell Sandro Carniel Luigi Cavaleri Jacopo Chiggiato James D. Doyle Julie Pullen Mauro Sclavo 《Journal of Marine Systems》2005,53(1-4):217-233
The quality of surface winds derived from four meteorological models is assessed in the semi-enclosed Adriatic Sea over a 2-month period: a global hydrostatic model ECMWF T511 (40 km resolution), a hydrostatic limited area model LAMBO (20 km), and two non-hydrostatic limited area models: LAMI (7 km) and COAMPS™ (4 km). These wind models are used to drive a 2 km resolution wave model (SWAN) of the Adriatic, and wind and wave results are compared with observations at the ISMAR oceanographic tower off Venice. Waves are also compared at buoy locations near Ancona and Ortona. Consistently with earlier studies, the ECMWF fields underestimate the wind magnitude and do not reproduce the known spatial structure of strong wind events. The results show that the higher-resolution, limited area models LAMI and COAMPS exhibit better amplitude response than the coarser ECMWF: there is a 3- to 4-fold reduction of the wind underestimation at the platform (from 36% to 8–11%). The wave response is also improved with LAMI and COAMPS: there is a 2-fold reduction in the underestimation of wave heights at the platform. These non-hydrostatic models also produce wind fields with more realistic small-scale, spatial structure during strong wind events. The temporal correlation between observed and modelled wind, however, is highest with the global ECMWF model due to the fact that large-scale features can be predicted deterministically, whereas small-scale features can only be predicted stochastically. Models with less small-scale structure have better correlation because they have less “noise.” This explanation is supported by increased correlation between modelled and observed waves, the waves representing a smoothing of the wind over fetch and duration. Although there is room for improvement, the high-resolution, non-hydrostatic models (LAMI and COAMPS) offer significant advantages for driving oceanographic simulations in semi-enclosed basins such as the Adriatic Sea. 相似文献
238.
Hiroshi Kawabe 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2002,6(3):135-147
This report is concerned with the statistical analysis of the long-term distribution of a wave-induced load, and examines
which factors influence the long-term distribution of the load level, e.g., the significant wave height, the mean wave period
of the supposed wave condition, and the relative angle between the ship's course and the wave direction. The long-term distribution
is broken down into these factors, and a contribution rate analysis method for each factor in each load level in the long-term
distribution is introduced. Based on the method used, the contribution rate of a specific mean wave period and a wave angle
encountered is clarified, when the long-term distribution is larger than other wave periods and wave angles. The specific
mean wave period and wave angle encountered are defined as the wave condition which governs the long-term distribution. The
maximum wave-induced load in the vicinity of a probability of exceedance of around 10−8 in the long-term distribution is decided by the most severe short-term wave condition which has the largest significant wave
height with a specific mean wave period. Based on S–N curves and Miner's rule, the relation between the fatigue damage and the supposed wave condition is examined. The contribution
rate analysis method for fatigue damage is introduced. The governing wave condition and the most severe short-term wave condition
also have an important effect on the fatigue damage. A simple estimation method for the long-term distribution, described
by the Weibull distribution from the statistical properties of the most severe short-term wave condition, is introduced. Several
examples show the applicability of the estimation method.
Received: November 22, 2001 / Accepted: January 9, 2002 相似文献
239.
The current control system of a fully submerged hydrofoil craft has manual input of fore-foil depth and control mode selection to improve the performance of the control system. However, the manual input needs skillful human operation and observation of waves the encountered to work well over a wide range of waves. In order to use information about the waves encountered in the control system, we considered the estimation of wave elevation and wave disturbance which was caused by the orbital motion of the waves in irregular waves. First, we investigated the wave disturbance by a fully submerged hydrofoil craft, in a state-space model of wave disturbance, and in hydrofoil craft motion, etc. We than considered estimations of the wave elevation and wave disturbance using a shaping filter, a Kalman filter, an autoregressive (AR) model, etc. Finally, we confirmed through simulations that the estimation results and estimation error of wave elevation and wave disturbance were valid. 相似文献
240.
本文在研究金属切削过程中的切屑变形、流动、流向与切屑卷曲、折断等规律的基础上.提出一种新的切屑分类,便于通过计算机求得屑形,用以预报断屑范围.同时,又能设计出特定条件下的最佳情形. 相似文献