Wave climate evolution in the Bay of Biscay over two decades

As a background, a review of long term evolution of wave climate in the North Atlantic is discussed. Most studies show that interannual evolutions in wave heights may be related to climatic factors, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index for example.Data of a waverider, consisting of a time series of 20 years in the Bay of Biscay (off Biscarosse, France), are analysed. Based on these data obtained from 1980, wave heights tend to decrease over the period. Also, interannual evolutions exist, particularly in the wave period. The fact that the annual wave periods at Biscarosse are found to vary more significantly than the annual wave heights led us to assume that it is an indirect effect of the evolution in the location of generating storms relative to the buoy. The relationships between wave parameters and climatic factors such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index and the Garonne discharge have been derived: they show that the NAO index is negatively correlated with the river discharge and positively correlated with the wave period. This result is in agreement with the general climate scheme associated with NAO cycle proposed by Kushnir et al. [Kushnir, Y., Cardone, V.J., Cane, M., 1995. Link between Atlantic climate variability of surface wave height and sea level pressure. Proc. Fourth Int. Workshop on Wave Incasting and forecasting, Banff, AB, Canada, 59–64.]: NAO+ shifts storm tracks northward and dry weather are encountered in the southern part of Europe (conversely NAO− brings storm tracks and rainfall closer). Concerning wave heights, the lack of dependence on NAO index may be associated with compensation effects between wind intensity and storm tracks: wave energy is partly dissipated while reaching the Bay of Biscay in case of severe but distant storms (NAO+), which is not the case for storms generated nearer to the buoy and associated with moderate westerly winds (NOA−). However, the reason of the decrease in wave heights is not clear.     

基础沉降对加宽桥梁上部构造的影响分析

在桥梁改建中为了解决新旧桥基础发生不均匀沉降给上部结构带来的不利影响,通过分析基础沉降对加宽桥梁上部构造的影响,将实际结构加以简化,用结构力学的方法定量计算沉降所产生的附加内力,拒此加大截面或增加配筋,以抵抗由沉降引起的附加内力(次内力),尽可能降低基础沉降对加宽桥梁上部构造的不利影响,确保桥梁结构使用安全、可靠。     

Steady streaming of viscous surface layer in waves

An investigation of the drift velocity induced by water waves of a contminated surface layer is carried out. The theoretical analysis is based on a thin boundary layer on the free surface. The results of the analysis reveal that the drift velocity of a viscous layer on the water surface is 7/4 times the Stokes prediction ofc(ak) ² wherec is the wave celerity andak the wave slope. The present experimental investigation confirms the validity of the theoretical prediction for the drift velocity for a lightly contaminated surface layer; however, for a heavily contaminated surface layer, the experimental results exceed the theoretical prediction. An investigation for a heavily contaminated layer is carried out assuming an inextensible surface layer. Thus, in the experiment, vinyl sheets are used to substitute the contaminated layers. By balancing the wave-induced mean thrust force with the mean drag force, the drift velocity is obtained and compared with the experimental results. Based on the theoretical and experimental analyses, formulae for predicting the drift velocities for laminar and turbulent flow conditions are proposed.     

弧形防浪墙的模型试验

通过物理模型试验,测量不同底高程条件下防浪墙顶部的越浪量、迎浪面及底面上的波浪压强和防浪墙的整体稳定性。对测量数据进行分析后的结果表明:在相同的波浪要素和水位条件下,防浪墙底面高程的差别将直接影响到迎浪面和底面上波浪压强的大小以及防浪墙的整体稳定性等。最后,根据模型试验结果,给出有助于弧形防浪墙设计的一些建议。     

刚性承台桩基内力计算方法

针对港口工程中广泛使用的桩基础如何与刚性承台共同工作的问题,提出以杆系有限元方法为基础,将承台模拟成一根竖直刚性梁,将桩基模拟成线弹性梁,以承台与桩基相连的刚性杆上的节点作为主节点,桩基与承台相连的桩基上的节点为从节点,推导出了刚性承台和桩基主、从结点的单元刚度方程,并编写相应的有限元程序。算例表明,采用这种方法计算刚性承台桩基内力是可靠的、合理的。     

6K型电力机车横向轮重转移

用推导出的电力机车轮重转移基本公式计算6K机车的轮重转移。通过数值计算,证明了6K机车轮重转移严重并找出了影响机车轮重转移的五个主要因素。为消除轮重转移,对6K机车结构参数的选择提出了建议。     

基于可控度指标的悬索结构传感器/作动器位置优化研究

提出一种大跨悬索结构振动主动控制中传感器/作动器位置优化方法。该方法从外部激励和作动力两个角度分析,以加权乘积形式将单位外激励响应、应变能和单位作动力响应三者结合,得到每一个候选单元总可控度指标,该指标最大值处即为传感器/作动器最佳配制位置。采用所提出理论对悬索结构振动主动控制传感器/作动器位置进行推导,并通过H∞闭环控制理论对所设计最佳位置和一般位置处进行控制仿真分析。结果表明:在单位外激励作用下,一般位置和最佳位置处进行主动控制所需时间分别为4.3s和1.8s,证明了本文位置优化理论的正确性。     

岩溶区域桥基评价系统开发与应用

在乐昌至广州高速公路岩溶地区施工中,采用拱型结构跨越大型溶洞的方式处理桥基稳定性受到的影响,并研发了相应的软件评价系统。该系统采用面向对象的可视化编程语言VC++,在VS2005开发平台上运行。利用该系统中的拱型设计模块,针对不同的拱型组合(铰支座个数+拱轴线+荷载组合),可以对3种梁型结构和35种拱型结构的内力进行计算。本文介绍了该软件系统的结构流程、基本功能,并以杨溪河大桥为例,按照"3铰拱+抛物线+5个力"的拱型介绍了该系统的应用。     

常见机车车轴实物对比试块的新应用

介绍利用目前现有的几种常见机车车轴实物对比试块,校验DF8B(滚抱)和DF7G型内燃机车分体轮、SS6B型电力机车整体轮、8K型机车轮对的车轴齿轮座镶入部横波探伤灵敏度的方法,以实现齿轮座镶入部和内侧卸荷槽的全面扫查。     

新型环氧树脂砂浆在公路工程植筋中的应用

研究目的:通过阐述环氧树脂砂浆应用的现状,针对环氧树脂固化剂等辅助材料的毒性及环氧树脂砂浆收缩引起粘结面粘结不良,对环氧树脂砂浆原材料选择、配方设计及砂浆的各种性能进行研究,得到低毒性、低收缩、高粘结强度的适用于工程植筋的环氧树脂砂浆。研究结论:(1)环氧树脂砂浆中的固化剂、其他辅剂的选择对降低其毒性至关重要,尤其是固化剂的毒性影响更大;(2)适量的水泥和砂子填料的加入会明显降低树脂的收缩性,防止植筋粘结界面的开裂;(3)新型低毒性环氧树脂砂浆一天强度20 MPa以上、三天粘结强度满足植筋设计要求,最终强度60 MPa左右、收缩率0.3%左右;(4)当光圆钢筋植入深度不小于15倍钢筋直径、螺纹钢筋植入深度不小于10倍钢筋直径时,拉拔力能够达到钢筋屈服强度,在植筋工程中有良好的应用价值。