Level and attitude control of the active suspension system with integral and derivative action

A 7-DOF full-car model with optimal active control suspension is utilized to evaluate the vehicle dynamic performances which are achieved through proposed controllers. The optimal controller, which includes the integral action for the suspension deflection, considerably improves the attitude control of a vehicle because the rolling and pitching motion in cornering and braking maneuvers are reduced, respectively. In the viewpoint of level control, the integral control acting on the suspension deflection results in the zero steady-state deflection in response to static body forces and ramp road input. The dynamic characteristics of the suspension control system are evaluated in terms of time domain and frequency domain. The simulations in the time domain demonstrate the advantages of the active suspension system obtained by penalizing the integral and derivative of suspension deflections and the derivative of roll and pitch angles in the performance index. The frequency characteristic curves obtained by simulations regarding integral action or derivative action show the increase of both ride comfort and road-holding performances by maximizing the use of suspension deflections. The potential of derivative control is shown by the performances of the car traveling over a bump and braking.     

Tyre-force estimation by Kalman inverse filtering: applications to off-highway mining trucks

Kalman inverse filtering is used to develop a methodology for real-time estimation of forces acting at the interface between tyre and road on large off-highway mining trucks. The system model formulated is capable of estimating the three components of tyre-force at each wheel of the truck using a practical set of measurements and inputs. Good tracking is obtained by the estimated tyre-forces when compared with those simulated by an ADAMS virtual-truck model. A sensitivity analysis determines the susceptibility of the tyre-force estimates to uncertainties in the truck's parameters.     

内河架空直立式集装箱码头结构计算中的作用效应组合探讨

文章中采用单位力法对内河大水位差架空直立式集装箱码头可能出现的荷载工况进行了有限元计算，并采用MATLAB软件编程对计算结果进行分析组合，得到了计算结构各主要构件控制内力的最不利作用效应组合情况，提出了内河架空直立式集装箱码头结构计算的作用效应组合方法。     

Variation of whitecap coverage with wave-field conditions

Field observations were carried out at a sea observation tower to investigate how whitecap coverage on the ocean surface responds to wave-field conditions. Images of whitecaps were taken for every 4 h or 7 h in the daytime using a 3CCD digital video camera fixed at 14 m elevation, and they were stored automatically in a hard disk video recorder at a time interval of 1 s. The determination of whitecap coverage was made by means of a digital image processing. The 1/3 power of whitecap coverage increases linearly with increasing the 10-m neutral wind speed. On the basis of the deflection angle between the propagating directions of wind waves and swell, wave-field conditions are classified into four cases. The present results show that whitecaps are produced most actively under the condition of the pure windsea and they tend to be suppressed by the presence of swell. It is difficult to find a certain relation between the deflection angle and whitecap coverage. Whitecap coverage also increases with the wave age in the same wind-speed conditions.     

气动式造波机中的横向波

本文讨论了用于产生二维波动的气动式造波机中,一种横向表面重力波的发生及其非线性特性。当输入频率接近于横向波的基频两倍时,利用奇摄动方法,可以得到横向波的振幅发展方程。振幅的理论预测与实验观察是定性相符的。     

Wheel slide protection control using a command map and Smith predictor for the pneumatic brake system of a railway vehicle

In railway vehicles, excessive sliding or wheel locking can occur while braking because of a temporarily degraded adhesion between the wheel and the rail caused by the contaminated or wet surface of the rail. It can damage the wheel tread and affect the performance of the brake system and the safety of the railway vehicle. To safeguard the wheelset from these phenomena, almost all railway vehicles are equipped with wheel slide protection (WSP) systems. In this study, a new WSP algorithm is proposed. The features of the proposed algorithm are the use of the target sliding speed, the determination of a command for WSP valves using command maps, and compensation for the time delay in pneumatic brake systems using the Smith predictor. The proposed WSP algorithm was verified using experiments with a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system including the hardware of the pneumatic brake system.     

列车交会篷布气动力分析

为解决目前一车苫盖2张货车篷布(简称X型篷布)存在的严重兜风现象与货物湿损问题,并检验新型篷布(简称D型篷布)的使用效果,基于不同装载与加固方案,通过实车试验,针对D型篷布与X型篷布在有绳网和无绳网12种情况下,测试了列车交会压力波和货车蓬布绳索拉力。测试结果表明:当80～120km·h-1速度下的货车与200～210km·h-1速度下的动车组交会时,动车组上感受的最大压力波幅值仅为577Pa,货车感受到的最大压力波幅值为715Pa;绳索最大值为1055N,出现在无网X型篷布的角绳上,满足相关规定要求;没有苫盖篷布绳网时,2种篷布兜风现象均较严重,同等速度下无绳网X型篷布逆向压缝篷布绳索拉力比顺向压缝的大40%左右;篷布绳网在降低篷布绳索气动力中发挥了重要作用,大部分工况下无绳网篷布绳索受到的气动力比有网的大50%～80%。可见,在相同工况下,D型篷布比X型篷布使用性能优良。     

系泊船舶在不规则波中慢漂振荡的马尔可夫模型

一艘在非高斯慢漂波浪力激励下的系泊船舶的响应被用一个连续的马尔可夫过程来建模.提出了一个数值路径积分解法来计算该艘船舶的响应统计.该数值路径积分法是基于Gauss-Legendre插值方案,响应概率密度值是在子区间内的高斯分点上获得的.显示该数值路径积分解法有独特的能力在很低概率水平时生成精确解,这在系统可靠性分析时有重要意义.     

共振转换器的动力反共振隔振理论与应用

共振转换器是一种有效的动力反共振隔振装置.文章建立了共振转换器的动力学模型,推导了共振转换器隔振系统的力传递率表达式,以此作为理论预测依据分析了其动力反共振隔振特性,并且讨论了相关参数影响,最后介绍了共振转换器在船舶轴系纵向减振方面的应用.仿真结果表明,共振转换器具有液压放大效应和反共振机制,在反共振条件下力传递率可以降低至极低水平,选择低粘度和低密度的流体介质可以提高隔振效果.轴系试验台测试结果显示,共振转换器在隔离宽带振动的同时,还可有效地消减轴系纵向振动的低频共振峰,具有很大的实船应用价值.     

T型地连墙结构m法计算中的问题和改进

采用传统m法计算单锚T型地连墙结构内力时,墙前土体反力往往会超过被动土压力,因而需通过多次迭代计算,不断调整土体m值,直至满足要求,计算过程繁琐。结合工程实例,基于传统m法,考虑土体变形对m值的影响,提出采用分段m法计算T型地连墙结构,有效解决了传统m法计算中存在的问题,并在唐山港曹妃甸港区文丰通用杂货码头工程设计中得到成功应用。