常见机车车轴实物对比试块的新应用

介绍利用目前现有的几种常见机车车轴实物对比试块,校验DF8B(滚抱)和DF7G型内燃机车分体轮、SS6B型电力机车整体轮、8K型机车轮对的车轴齿轮座镶入部横波探伤灵敏度的方法,以实现齿轮座镶入部和内侧卸荷槽的全面扫查。     

地铁车辆客室塞拉门动力学性能仿真分析

采用理论分析与ADAMS仿真相结合的方法,对某鼓型地铁车辆客室塞拉门的运动学规律及影响其关门性能的主要因素进行了分析,得出以下结论:由车门长导柱与携门架轴承之间摩擦系统的改变而引起的摩擦力变化对车门关门性能的影响不是很大;车门门扇运动轨迹对车门受力的影响较大,为了保证车门关门准确性,车门塞拉角误差应不大于2°;车门门扇外摆最优安装尺寸的公差范围是0~-2mm;车门密封尺寸是车门密封要求中最重要的尺寸,其误差应尽量控制为零。     

船体非线性波浪载荷的水弹性分析

本文采用水弹性分析方法研究船舶在规则波及不规则波中迎浪航行时的结构动力响应（运动、剪力和弯矩等）。确定流体载荷时应用了扩展的切片理论，其中计及由于船体的非直舷、剖面吃水的瞬时变化和船体振荡的非简谐特性所导致的非线性，同时还考虑了波浪冲击、出水和上浪的影响。运动方程是在时域内步进求解。数值计算结果与规则波中的模型试验相比较，符合程度令人满意。     

Variation of whitecap coverage with wave-field conditions

Field observations were carried out at a sea observation tower to investigate how whitecap coverage on the ocean surface responds to wave-field conditions. Images of whitecaps were taken for every 4 h or 7 h in the daytime using a 3CCD digital video camera fixed at 14 m elevation, and they were stored automatically in a hard disk video recorder at a time interval of 1 s. The determination of whitecap coverage was made by means of a digital image processing. The 1/3 power of whitecap coverage increases linearly with increasing the 10-m neutral wind speed. On the basis of the deflection angle between the propagating directions of wind waves and swell, wave-field conditions are classified into four cases. The present results show that whitecaps are produced most actively under the condition of the pure windsea and they tend to be suppressed by the presence of swell. It is difficult to find a certain relation between the deflection angle and whitecap coverage. Whitecap coverage also increases with the wave age in the same wind-speed conditions.     

气动式造波机中的横向波

本文讨论了用于产生二维波动的气动式造波机中,一种横向表面重力波的发生及其非线性特性。当输入频率接近于横向波的基频两倍时,利用奇摄动方法,可以得到横向波的振幅发展方程。振幅的理论预测与实验观察是定性相符的。     

车辆行驶工况运动学水平的研究

为提炼车辆行驶的数字特征,把速度时间记录看作运动学片段的集合.从运动学片段入手,运用主成分分析提取关键特征用于聚类分析,重点论述聚类分析技术对车辆行驶数字特征进行分类,研究了车辆运动的各个不同层次的水平,探讨能够体现交通特征的分类方法.聚类结果符合客观事实,是行之有效的分类方法,研究有利于合成反映实际交通状况的行驶工况.     

行人被面包车碰撞的运动学规律

为了丰富人车碰撞事故运动学理论,同时为面包车碰撞行人事故的分析鉴定提供理论支撑,对20～110 km·h^-1车辆碰撞速度下行人被面包车碰撞后的运动规律进行研究。利用多刚体建模系统PC-Crash软件构建面包车与行人碰撞仿真模型,并通过仿真获得多种碰撞条件下行人碰撞后的纵向/横向抛距、抛射高度、抛射角度、空中旋转圈数、躯干合成速度和头部合成加速度等运动学数据。结合国家车辆事故深度调查体系（NAIS）中14例具有可靠数据的事故样本进行比较验证。定义并提出了行人被面包车碰撞后的拱推型运动形态,以区别于长头车碰撞的卷绕型和平头车碰撞的推掷型。结果表明：拱推型碰撞中行人会在瞬间被加速到车辆碰撞速度的111%～127%;在高速（110 km·h^-1）碰撞中,头部合成加速度值超过3 000 m·s^-2,头部损伤指标（HIC）值超过7 500;行人空中旋转不超过3圈,被抛高度不超过4.0 m,抛射角度介于6°～11°;行人抛距与车辆碰撞速度之间的关系可以用幂函数模型进行描述;碰撞接触位置、车型外廓参数、行人行走速度和行人碰撞姿势对行人被抛运动形态有一定程度的影响,相对标准碰撞的影响程度一般在5%以内,最大不超过10%（边翻型除外）;行人头部损伤安全界限（HIC值为1 000）对应的车辆碰撞速度约为55 km·h^-1;边翻型碰撞中行人的运动形态与拱推型差别较大,横向抛距最大可达12.0 m。     

液体管道泄漏负压波诊断方法的研究现状及发展趋势

在国内 ,负压波检漏技术被广泛用于液体管线泄漏的诊断。在应用过程中 ,假设条件和涉及到的不确定因素较多。由于涉及到的任何一个因素有误都可能导致不正确的结果 ,因而将该技术与泄漏诊断的其他技术结合起来进行综合研究 ,才能更准确地确定出泄漏的位置。负压波检漏技术具有三大发展趋势 :第一 ,与其他技术一同使用 ,从而更好地解决相关的定位问题 ;第二 ,强化对负压波检漏技术的研究 ,定性研究负压波传播模型可以更好地确定泄漏发生的时间 ;第三 ,对负压波检漏技术的研究从定性到定量 ,定量的分析结果可以用于推测管线泄漏量和泄漏位置。     

Ultimate load analysis of a 10 MW offshore monopile wind turbine incorporating fully nonlinear irregular wave kinematics

Loads from storm waves can in some cases be dimensioning for offshore wind turbine substructures. Accurate determination of nonlinear wave loads is therefore important for a safe, yet economic design. In this paper, the fully nonlinear waves, realized by a fully nonlinear potential wave solver OceanWave3D, are incorporated into coupled aero-servo-hydro-elastic simulations for a reduced set of wave-sensitive design load cases, in comparison with the widely used linear and constrained waves. The coupled aero-elastic simulations are performed for the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine on a large monopile at 33 m water depth using the aero-elastic code HAWC2. Effect of the wave nonlinearity is investigated in terms of the ultimate sectional moments at tower bottom and monopile mudline. Higher ultimate moments, 5% at tower bottom and 13% at monopile mudline as maximum, are predicated when the nonlinear waves are used. It could be explained by the fact that the extreme nonlinear waves, that are close to the breaking limit, can induce resonant ringing-type responses, and hereby dominate the ultimate load responses. However, the constrained wave approach shows marginal difference compared to the standard linear wave approach. It can be concluded at least for the present configuration that the industry standard approaches (linear and constrained wave approach) underestimate the ultimate load responses on offshore wind turbines in severe sea states.     

穿浪型近海快速救助船自控式截流板减摇系统

本文介绍了穿浪型近海快速救助船的自控式减摇系统——截流板减摇系统的组成、安装和功能。