钢桥塑性设计中的自应力设计法

首先介绍塑性设计中若干基本概念，重点解释了我变载荷作用下结构的自适应；接着讨论钢桥生设计中载荷地和自应力设计法的内容及其区别，并举一算例进行说明；最后介绍了钢桥塑性设计法的发展动态。     

Wave climate evolution in the Bay of Biscay over two decades

As a background, a review of long term evolution of wave climate in the North Atlantic is discussed. Most studies show that interannual evolutions in wave heights may be related to climatic factors, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index for example.Data of a waverider, consisting of a time series of 20 years in the Bay of Biscay (off Biscarosse, France), are analysed. Based on these data obtained from 1980, wave heights tend to decrease over the period. Also, interannual evolutions exist, particularly in the wave period. The fact that the annual wave periods at Biscarosse are found to vary more significantly than the annual wave heights led us to assume that it is an indirect effect of the evolution in the location of generating storms relative to the buoy. The relationships between wave parameters and climatic factors such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index and the Garonne discharge have been derived: they show that the NAO index is negatively correlated with the river discharge and positively correlated with the wave period. This result is in agreement with the general climate scheme associated with NAO cycle proposed by Kushnir et al. [Kushnir, Y., Cardone, V.J., Cane, M., 1995. Link between Atlantic climate variability of surface wave height and sea level pressure. Proc. Fourth Int. Workshop on Wave Incasting and forecasting, Banff, AB, Canada, 59–64.]: NAO+ shifts storm tracks northward and dry weather are encountered in the southern part of Europe (conversely NAO− brings storm tracks and rainfall closer). Concerning wave heights, the lack of dependence on NAO index may be associated with compensation effects between wind intensity and storm tracks: wave energy is partly dissipated while reaching the Bay of Biscay in case of severe but distant storms (NAO+), which is not the case for storms generated nearer to the buoy and associated with moderate westerly winds (NOA−). However, the reason of the decrease in wave heights is not clear.     

特殊用途浮船坞作业控制系统研究

供舰船上排、下水用的浮船坞，是一种特殊用途的浮船坞，控制系统必须按其用途要求进行特殊设计。现介绍该特殊用途浮船坞作业控制系统的几个主要方面，包括：手动控制、计算机辅助手动控制、压载舱群液位计算机控制、配载计算及联机控制等。利用计算机实现对浮船坞的作业控制在国内尚无成功的先例，实现对压载舱群液位的控制、配载计算及联机控制等功能更是一次有益的探索。     

船舶结构远场爆炸冲击动响应的数值试验方法

提出了一种在AN SY S/LS-DYNA中计算舰船水下非接触爆炸冲击动响应的方法,即用平断面加载法模拟冲击波载荷,利用AN SY S/LS-DYNA自带的解释性语言APDL编制相应的加载程序。讨论了加载面的形式对流场网格划分和压力传播的影响。算例结果表明,使用该子程序进行加载能够有效改善软件在计算水中冲击波压力时压力峰值衰减过快的不足,船体结构的响应与资料中给出的试验值接近。该方法使用范围比较广,并能大幅提高计算速度,对相关理论研究和工程计算具有一定参考价值。     

典型膨胀土路堤边坡失稳机理及控制方法研究

膨胀土路基在受到浸泡后承载力降低极易失稳。本文以广西某高速公路膨胀土路堤边坡为工程背景,采用有限差分软件对路堤边坡的失稳模式进行了模拟分析,结合现场地质条件,分析了膨胀土路堤边坡失稳机理。在此基础上,提出了反压墙和抗滑桩两种不同的路堤边坡加固方法,并基于数值模拟结果进行比选研究,确定了以抗滑桩治理路堤边坡失稳的方法。研究结果可为类似膨胀土路堤工程治理提供借鉴。     

常见机车车轴实物对比试块的新应用

介绍利用目前现有的几种常见机车车轴实物对比试块,校验DF8B(滚抱)和DF7G型内燃机车分体轮、SS6B型电力机车整体轮、8K型机车轮对的车轴齿轮座镶入部横波探伤灵敏度的方法,以实现齿轮座镶入部和内侧卸荷槽的全面扫查。     

海洋平台机座阻尼结合阻振质量减振分析

应用波分析法研究结构声在机座板结构中的传导特性,并对比分析层合阻尼结构的解析解和数值解,验证阻尼建模方法的正确性.依据阻尼材料的工程选用原则对阻尼材料进行选型,并基于有限元法研究阻尼粘贴方式对机座结构的动力学特性影响规律,分析表明多层复合阻尼材料相比于普通阻尼材料具有更好的减振效果.在此基础上研究某平台发电机组机座敷设多层复合阻尼结构对平台舱室振动特性的影响,并分析阻尼层厚度对平台振动特性的影响.研究阻振质量对贴敷多层复合阻尼减振特性的影响,研究表明阻振质量结合阻尼减振可使减振效果相比单独应用阻尼有较大程度提高.     

循环荷载波形变化对结构性软土变形及能量特性的影响

针对循环荷载波形变化对结构性软土变形的影响,以天津滨海新区临港工业区海积软土为研究对象,对其土样施加不同波形、不同幅值的循环荷载,并对不同波形、不同幅值作用下软土的耗散能发展曲线进行研究,并提出两种发展模式下的结构性软土耗散能的演化方程。结果表明,在考虑荷载波形的情况下,循环荷载幅值较小(30 kPa)时,累积塑性应变发展缓慢,波形变化对塑性应变发展趋势的影响很小;循环荷载较大(40、60、80 kPa)时,累积塑性应变快速增加,方波荷载作用下的累积塑性应变发展最快,正弦波荷载次之,三角波荷载作用下的塑性应变发展最慢。     

Further study on the wheel–rail impact response induced by a single wheel flat: the coupling effect of strain rate and thermal stress

A comprehensive dynamic finite-element simulation method was proposed to study the wheel–rail impact response induced by a single wheel flat based on a 3-D rolling contact model, where the influences of the structural inertia, strain rate effect of wheel–rail materials and thermal stress due to the wheel–rail sliding friction were considered. Four different initial conditions (i.e. pure mechanical loading plus rate-independent, pure mechanical loading plus rate-dependent, thermo-mechanical loading plus rate-independent, and thermo-mechanical loading plus rate-dependent) were involved into explore the corresponding impact responses in term of the vertical impact force, von-Mises equivalent stress, equivalent plastic strain and shear stress. Influences of train speed, flat length and axle load on the flat-induced wheel–rail impact response were discussed, respectively. The results indicate that the maximum thermal stresses are occurred on the tread of the wheel and on the top surface of the middle rail; the strain rate hardening effect contributes to elevate the von-Mises equivalent stress and restrain the plastic deformation; and the initial thermal stress due to the sliding friction will aggravate the plastic deformation of wheel and rail. Besides, the wheel–rail impact responses (i.e. impact force, von-Mises equivalent stress, equivalent plastic strain, and XY shear stress) induced by a flat are sensitive to the train speed, flat length and axle load.     

不同加载频率及循环应力水平对人工冻融软土动力特性影响试验研究

近年来冻结法作为一种提高土体强度的手段被广泛应用于地铁隧道施工中,然而在列车循环荷载作用下冻土融化后会产生较大变形,影响地铁列车的运营安全。基于室内动三轴试验,研究列车加载频率、应力幅值和固结压力对冻融土体动孔压及应变的影响,得到地铁列车循环荷载下冻融软土的动力特性规律。试验研究表明:冻融后土体强度显著降低,且由于列车循环荷载作用会发生更大程度的下降。在地铁不同频率荷载下,其加载频率越低,动孔隙压力值越高,冻融后软土应变增幅明显。在相近循环应力比下,固结压力比应力幅值对冻融土动力特性影响更大。同时,基于试验数据,建立地铁列车循环荷载作用下的冻融土孔压累积模型,模型预测值与试验值较为吻合。