大秦线Locotrol系统无线数传工作频段的选择

介绍大秦线Locotrol系统的无线数据传输方式,分析800MHz和450MHz频段电波在平原开阔地带、长直隧道、曲线隧道、短隧道群弯曲线路中的测试数据,得出不同频段电波在不同地形条件下的传播特性及误码特性.认为采用800MHz频段无线数据传输系统,能够满足在大秦线开行4×5000吨的2万吨组合列车Locotrol系统应用的需要.     

方艉舰船及加装尾板的兴波阻力计算

本文给出方艉舰船兴波流场和阻力的实用计算方法，并用于加装尾板的情况，可以计算方艉舰船在加装尾板后的兴波阻力、尾流场，以及尾板长度、反角等因素变化导致流场及阻力上的差异，从而对尾板的设计方案从数值计算的角度作出比较。     

On the performance of rheological shock absorber models in full vehicle simulation

A comparative study of the performance of three rheological automotive shock absorber models as well as of an extended force-velocity relation in full vehicle simulation is performed. Simulation results for both the shock absorber test rig and a full vehicle crossing a single obstacle are compared with measured data. While the gain of accuracy by the extended force-velocity relation is marginal, the rheological models in general yield a noticeable improvement, which, however, in full vehicle simulation is less significant than in test rig simulation. Among the rheological models studied here, the one consisting of a nonlinear spring-dashpot element with an element modelling friction by a continuous transition from the compression to the extension range in parallel and a quadratic approximation of the static gas force exhibits the best global performance.     

Influences on bicycle use

A stated preference experiment was performed in Edmonton in Canada to both examine the nature of various influences on bicycle use and obtain ratios among parameter values to be used in the development of a larger simulation of household travel behaviour. A total of 1128 questionnaires were completed and returned by current cyclists. Each questionnaire presented a pair of possible bicycle use alternatives and asked which was preferred for travel to a hypothetical all-day meeting or gathering (business or social). Alternatives were described by specifying the amounts of time spent on three different types of cycling facility and whether or not showers and/or secure bicycle parking were available at the destination. Indications of socio-economic character and levels of experience and comfort regarding cycling were also collected. The observations thus obtained were used to estimate the parameter values for a range of different utility functions in logit models representing this choice behaviour. The results indicate, among other things, that time spent cycling in mixed traffic is more onerous than time spent cycling on bike lanes or bike paths; that secure parking is more important than showers at the destination; and that cycling times on roadways tend to become less onerous as level of experience increases. Some of these results are novel and others are consistent with findings regarding bicycle use in work done by others, which is seen to add credence to this work. A review of previous findings concerning influences on cycling behaviour is also included.     

钢桁梁施工图自动绘图系统研制中的几个问题

本文描述钢桁梁施工图自动绘图软件系统研制中几个重要技术问题及其解决方法。这些问题的合理解决能提高所研制软件的自动化程度。实用表明,应用此软件进行图形处理比传统的方法提高效率近10倍。     

Application of a validated primary production model (BLOOM) as a screening tool for marine, coastal and transitional waters

In order to manage aquatic systems, it is necessary to apply methods relating the environmental variables and system-state parameters with external factors that affect the system. External factors can be natural (i.e. the movement of water) or partly-anthropogenic (i.e. nutrient loads). In addition to the national authorities, who have been implementing environmental policies for several decades, the EU is presently implementing the Water Framework Directive (WFD) aimed at establishing a new set of standards for the ecological and water quality of water systems. Among these are the phytoplankton biomass and composition. Phytoplankton affects turbidity, oxygen depletion, total productivity of the system and the occurrence of (harmful) algal blooms. A range of methods is available to relate phytoplankton to the controlling environmental conditions. Among these are statistical relations for instance of the Vollenweider type as well as deterministic simulation models. At the end of the 1970s, a generic deterministic phytoplankton module called BLOOM was developed, which has since been applied to a wide range of fresh water and marine systems. Here we test the applicability of this model as a screening tool for coastal waters. We conclude that the model is able to reproduce observed chlorophyll levels adequately under a wide range of conditions. Subsequently the model is applied to demonstrate the potential impacts of reductions in nitrogen, phosphorus or both nutrients simultaneously. Depending on which factors are initially controlling, the impacts of these reductions vary considerably both between locations and during the season. While this type of application lacks explicit relations between nutrient concentrations and external loadings, it does consider a number of relevant conditions in a consistent way and requires remarkably little data and effort. It is therefore a valuable screening tool.     

超细长三体船阻力计算研究

主船体为超细长体,两侧配置两个小侧体而形成的三体船是一种很有潜力的新船型,近年来已引起了广泛的关注。本文对三体船的阻力原理进行了分析,以“相当平板”假设为基础计算摩擦阻力,采用“1＋k”的方法计算形状阻力;采用线性兴波阻力理论建立三体船的兴波阻力计算方法,提出了一套计算三体船阻力的完整方法。经与船模试验结果比较,采用本方法预报三体船的阻力,Cw的计算结果可以定性地反映侧体布置位置对三体船兴波阻力的影响,计算结果比较接近实际情况,具有一定的可靠性,可用于该船型的阻力预报。     

航道工程三维辅助疏浚设计系统的开发与应用

为提高航道工程疏浚设计的效率和工程量统计精度,在港口工程数字化智能化勘察设计集成系统(HIDAS)部分研究成果的基础上,开发了航道工程三维辅助疏浚设计系统。该系统结合三维地质模型和三维CAD技术,提供参数化智能建模、开挖工程量自动统计、批量生成开挖断面图等功能。将其应用到钦州港东航道扩建工程的疏浚设计过程中,实现了根据不同土质选择不同开挖边坡坡比、不同超深超宽参数自动生成设计断面,分航段、分土类统计开挖工程量、超深工程量、超宽工程量,分航段批量自动生成CAD格式的开挖断面图,大幅度提高了设计效率和质量。     

Simulation of torpedo anchor set-up

Torpedo anchors are used for station keeping of floating offshore platforms and fixing risers to the seabed in deep water. Their main benefit over other anchors is reduction in anchor installation cost via free falling in the water. A torpedo anchor has a steel cylindrical shaft with a conical tip and is ballasted in order to deepen the soil penetration and increase the anchor holding capacity. In order to address the installation effects on the soil strength and consequently the anchor pull-out capacity, first reconsolidation (set-up) of soil next to the anchor after installation is studied by a finite-element (FE) analysis of coupled deformation and fluid flow in porous media. The results of the set-up analysis indicate the rate of dissipation of excess pore-water pressure and soil-strength recovery. These are important considerations in predicting the anchor pull-out capacity at different times after installation. In the absence of a documented complete set of installation and set-up tests, the results are validated qualitatively using available albeit limited field test data.     

Finite element based meta-modeling of ship-ice interaction at shoulder and midship areas for ship performance simulation

The climate change has made the transit through Arctic area more feasible, which demands reliable methods to evaluate ship performance. Ship performance in ice is a cross-scale problem, where the desired output such as ship speed lies in larger scale while the actual ship-ice interaction happens in smaller scale. Due to insufficient knowledge in ice mechanics and the demand for computational efficiency, existing approaches for modelling ship-ice interaction from ship performance perspective are mostly either (semi-) empirical, or simplified analytical, with reduced dimensions and extensively simplified mechanics. This paper presents a novel approach to model ship-ice interaction, which maintains the accuracy of the modelling with Finite Element Method (FEM) in ship-ice interaction scale, while being computationally very cheap, therefore is capable to be applied in ship scale simulations. The ice failure is firstly qualitatively investigated through full-scale and model-scale observations, as well as a numerical simulation with Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM). The model is then simplified and executed by Abaqus to automatically run a large database. A neural network is used to fit the results to get a simulation-free tool for ship-ice interaction calculation. Finally, the uncertainty in the results due to an important assumption is quantified. The results show that the obtained neural network fits the database with excellent performance. Therefore, it can be applied in ship scale simulations with improved accuracy compared to empirical or analytical approaches.