Estimating travel time functions for urban roads: options and issues

Travel time functions specify the relationship between the travel time on a road and the volume of traffic on the road. Until recently, the parameters of travel time functions were rarely estimated in practice; however, a compelling case can be made for the empirical examination of these functions. This paper reviews, and qualitatively evaluates, a range of options for developing a set of travel time functions. A hierarchy of travel time functions is defined based on four levels of network detail: area, corridor, route and link. This hierarchy is illustrated by considering the development of travel time functions for Adelaide. Alternative sources of data for estimating travel time functions are identified.

In general, the costs and benefits increase as the travel time functions are estimated at finer levels of network detail. The costs of developing travel time functions include data acquisition costs and analysis costs. The benefits include the potential for reducing prediction errors, the degree of application flexibility and the policy sensitivity of the travel time functions.     

扁平双边肋主梁桥梁断面气动导纳互功率谱识别方法探讨

以湖北荆沙长江大桥为背景,通过紊流场测力试验对气动导纳的互功率谱识别法进行了研究。通过与传统方法比较,发现互功率谱法计算得到的等效气动导纳整体上偏低,且低于Sears函数,但随折减频率变化的趋势上看,与传统算法无明显差异。由互功率谱法计算得到的复气动导纳计算抖振力,并进行频谱分析,与实测抖振力自功率谱比较发现,计算得到的抖振力自功率谱随折减频率变化的趋势与实际抖振力自功率谱吻合较好,但存在一定数量上的差异。通过对紊流度为6%、10%、20%的三种紊流场中-5°~+5°风攻角下计算值与实验值的比较发现,计算抖振力谱与实际抖振力谱的相对差异没有随紊流度和来流风攻角变化而变化的趋势,且相对差值较为稳定。     

Observer-based clutch disengagement control during gear shift process of automated manual transmission

A clutch disengagement strategy is proposed for the shift control of automated manual transmissions. The control strategy is based on a drive shaft torque observer. With the estimated drive shaft torque, the clutch can be disengaged as fast as possible without large driveline oscillations, which contributes to the reduction of total shift time and shift shock. The proposed control strategy is tested on a complete powertrain simulation model. It is verified that the system is robust to the variations of driving conditions, such as vehicle mass and road grade. It is also demonstrated that the revised system with switched gain can provide satisfactory performance even under large estimation error of the engine torque.     

A model-based traction control strategy non-reliant on wheel slip information

A traction control system (TCS) for two-wheel-drive vehicles can conveniently be realised by means of slip control. Such a TCS is modified in this paper in order to be applicable to four-wheel-drive vehicles and anti-lock braking systems, where slip information is not readily available. A reference vehicle model is used to estimate the vehicle velocity. The reference model is excited by a saw-tooth signal in order to adapt the slip for maximum tyre traction performance. The model-based TCS is made robust to vehicle modelling errors by extending it with (i) a superimposed loop of tyre static curve gradient control or (ii) a robust switching controller based on a bi-directional saw-tooth excitation signal. The proposed traction control strategies are verified by experiments and computer simulations.     

Flexible long range planning using low cost information

Contemporary transport planning requires a flexible modelling approach which can be used to monitor the implementation of a long term plan checking regularly its short term performance with easily available data; the original model is periodically updated using low cost information and this allows the evaluation of the changes to the plan which may be required. Such an approach requires models suited to regular updating and to the use of data from different sources. Models to update trip matrices from traffic counts have been available for some time; however, the estimation and/or updating of other model stages with low cost data has escaped analytical treatment. The paper discusses this idea and formulates the updating problem for an example involving a joint destination/mode choice model under various assumptions about the nature of the available data. Analytical solutions are proposed as well as some general conclusions.requests for offprints     

Efficient multiple model particle filtering for joint traffic state estimation and incident detection

This article proposes an efficient multiple model particle filter (EMMPF) to solve the problems of traffic state estimation and incident detection, which requires significantly less computation time compared to existing multiple model nonlinear filters. To incorporate the on ramps and off ramps on the highway, junction solvers for a traffic flow model with incident dynamics are developed. The effectiveness of the proposed EMMPF is assessed using a benchmark hybrid state estimation problem, and using synthetic traffic data generated by a micro-simulation software. Then, the traffic estimation framework is implemented using field data collected on Interstate 880 in California. The results show the EMMPF is capable of estimating the traffic state and detecting incidents and requires an order of magnitude less computation time compared to existing algorithms, especially when the hybrid system has a large number of rare models.     

新能源汽车电池管理方法综述

电池管理系统作为电动汽车的重要组成部分,其中准确估测荷电状态(SOC)和电池均衡管理是电池管理系统的核心功能,也是优化系统能量管理,提高动力电池的使用效率,延长电池使用寿命的关键,对电池的储能至关重要。详细介绍主要SOC的估测方法和电池均衡管理方法,并对其优劣性进行分析与阐述,通过文献综述与对比分析为电池组在使用时提出理论依据与维护措施,为未来的研究提供便捷研究方法。     

柴油机曲轴速度变化的频谱分析

使用光电转速传感器,通过计算其感应器内部时钟的脉冲测量曲轴的速度变化,分析低谐波转速变化能过滤出由曲轴的动力响应产生的失真,根据这些谐波携带的信息建立起测量数据和发动机平均气压转矩之间的关系,从而发现故障并且确定不良的气缸.     

贵广铁路东平水道特大桥抗震设计研究

东平水道特大桥主桥双线铁路(85.75+286+85.75)m钢桁架拱桥,为国内首座该类型铁路桥梁。桥位处抗震设防烈度为7度,主桥的地震设防为设计关键。建立主桥三维有限元抗震模型,详细研究在33号活动墩墩顶不设置或设置液体黏滞阻尼器装置对主桥的抗震影响效果,采用反应谱和时程两种分析方法,对抗震分析结果进行比较。结果表明:(1)地震反应不控制钢桁架拱桥和桥墩身结构设计,仅控制桩基础设计;(2)33号活动墩墩梁间设置纵向减隔震液体黏滞阻尼器,对32号固定墩纵向抗震响应影响不大,效果不明显;(3)给出的最小配筋率均能满足各桥墩桩基础抗震验算及预期的抗震要求。     

LAPPED TRANSFORM DOMAIN INTERFERENCE EXCISION USING MODIFIED MEDIAN FILTER

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