船用复合材料T型连接结构冲击损伤特性研究

复合材料船体结构的构件主要通过典型节点连接.论文采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了船用复合材料T型连接结构压缩冲击损伤特性数值仿真模型,利用落锤冲击试验机开展了动态压缩冲击损伤特性试验验证,研究了冲击速度与边角材宽度对连接结构冲击损伤特性的影响.结果表明,随着冲击速度的增加,复合材料T型连接结构,将会发生下列损伤模式:(1)动力屈曲失稳、连接结构分层耦合损伤,(2)动力屈曲失稳、连接结构脱黏、基体失效耦合损伤,(3)动力屈曲失稳、连接结构脱黏、基体失效及结构断裂耦合损伤等.边角材宽度对连接结构分层损伤范围有较大的影响,宽度越大,分层损伤的范围越小.     

深潜器钛合金耐压壳蠕变屈曲强度评估方法研究

深潜器钛合金耐压壳存在室温蠕变现象,会减弱耐压壳结构的屈曲极限强度,发生蠕变屈曲破坏。论文以钛合金圆柱形耐压壳为研究对象,考虑结构初始缺陷幅值、蠕变载荷和蠕变时间的影响,通过数值模拟研究蠕变变形对耐压壳非线性屈曲强度的影响。研究表明：蠕变变形会加剧结构初始缺陷的幅值,减弱耐压壳结构的非线性屈曲强度。另外,钛合金耐压壳存在蠕变屈曲现象,蠕变屈曲的临界时间对结构初始缺陷幅值极为敏感。建立了钛合金耐压壳室温蠕变屈曲临界时间与蠕变载荷之间指数关系的模型,可以快速评估深潜器在指定作业时间下的最大下潜深度。对于不同临界时间下的蠕变载荷,该模型拟合结果与数值计算结果的相对误差均在±2%以内。     

双自由度D形截面柱体流致振动的二维数值模拟

本文研究了D形截面柱体在顺流向和横流向两个自由度下的流致振动特性,迎流角为90°,质量比为2.6,雷诺数为370～3685,应用RANS方程采用SST k-ω湍流模型和Newmark-β法求解水流运动和柱体运动,入口流速采用匀加速法,检验了数值模型的网格和时间步长敏感性,并与相关文献的实验结果进行对比,验证了数值模型的可靠性.基于计算结果,系统分析了D形截面柱体的振幅、振动频率、水动力系数、尾涡脱落模式,以及平均位置偏移情况.结果表明,双自由度D形截面柱体在约化速度为8～14的区间内表现为涡激振动-驰振模式,尾涡多为2S和S+2S交替脱落,双自由度振幅比单自由度有显著的增大.升力主要偏向截面的直线边一侧,且升力出现了多个倍频.横流向和顺流向平均偏移量最大都可达到一倍特征长度以上.     

钢管混凝土拱桥整体稳定性分析

对某钢管混凝土拱桥不同的稳定性设计方案进行了介绍,利用有限元方法对钢管拱施工、成桥各阶段的整体稳定性进行了空间分析,并讨论了影响整体稳定性的因素,希望通过比选找出最佳的稳定性方案。     

Fatigue design for plug/ring type gas welded joints of sts301l including welding residual stresses

This paper presents a fatigue design method for plug and ring type gas welded joints, which incorporates welding residual stress effects. A non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) was first performed to simulate the gas welding process. The numerically predicted residual stresses of the gas welds were then compared to experimental results measured using a hole drilling method. In order to evaluate the fatigue strength of the plug and ring type gas welded joints, a stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R taling the welding residual stress of the gas weld into account was introduced and is based on a modified Goodman equation incorporating the effect of the residual stress. Using the stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R , the ΔP-N _f relations obtained from fatigue tests for plug and ring type gas welded joints having various dimensions and shapes were systematically rearranged into (σ _a ) _R -N _f relations. It was found that the proposed stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R could provide a systematic and reasonable fatigue design criterion for the plug and ring type gas welded joints.     

基于三阶段最小二乘法探究诱增交通量

在诱增交通量的预测中,中国现有统计数据在精度和广度上的局限性,容易造成计算结果存在遗漏变量偏误和测量误差偏误;同时变量之间的相关性容易导致计算结果存在联立性问题。为克服这些问题,采用工具变量法中的三阶段最小二乘法探讨道路供给与交通需求之间的关系。基于国家统计数据库数据,选择车辆出行距离、民用汽车拥有量和交通拥堵水平三个内生变量构建联立方程模型,采用三阶段最小二乘法对联立方程进行估计,并给出短期、长期弹性系数的求解方法。结果表明,道路建设会导致车辆出行距离增加,不能解决中国城市交通拥堵问题,而大力发展公共交通可以降低交通拥堵水平。     

Effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames of bulk carriers (2nd Report)—Lateral-distortional buckling and local face buckling

Pitting corrosion is typical corrosion observed on coated hold frames of bulk carriers which exclusively carry coal and iron ore. In order to secure the safety of these types of bulk carriers, it is important to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames.

In order to investigate this effect, a series of 4- and 3-point bend tests on structural models which consist of web, shell and face plates has been carried out. Artificial pitting was created on the web plate to simulate pitting. In the 4-point bend tests, two equal concentrated loads have been applied vertically at the one-third points of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, lateral-distortional buckling occurred before reaching the ultimate strength and local buckling of the face plate was observed after reaching the ultimate strength. The effect of web plate pitting on the lateral-distortional buckling strength was found to be small but the ultimate strength decreases with increase in the degree of pitting intensity. In the 3-point bend tests, concentrated load has been applied vertically at the center of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, local face buckling occurred just after reaching the ultimate strength. The ultimate strength is found to be decreasing with increase in the degree of pitting intensity.

A series of non-linear FE analyses has been performed to simulate the deformation behavior observed in the tests. It has been revealed that even in the case of randomly distributed pitting corrosion the ultimate strength of the structural models was almost the same as that of the structural models with uniform corrosion corresponding to the average thickness loss.     

三维陷落腔脉动压力分布特性实验研究

文章针对均匀流场中三维深型陷落腔因流分离而产生的流激振荡问题开展了一系列的实验研究.在来流流速为0攻角时实验时的雷诺数变化范围:Re=1.55×105～8.74×105.实验中分别测量了三维深型陷落腔侧壁周向及垂向流体压力,分析了腔体内脉动压力周向、垂向的分布规律及腔口处剪切层自持振荡特性.实验结果表明:均匀流场中三维深型陷落腔内脉动压力分布较为复杂.在剪切层随边处的脉动压力最大,随边角点处脉动压力随相对高度的增加而陡降为0,但腔口导边及侧面处的脉动压力随相对高度增加而略有增大.剪切层自持振荡频率的无量纲数St数随Re变化为一常数值,但其值比气流场中二维陷落腔的St数略大.     

曹妃甸通岛路引堤工程地震液化可能性的原位测试判别分析

通过对3孔标准贯入试验和30孔静力触探试验结果的分析,表明以粉细砂吹填而成的曹妃甸通岛路工程在采取了相应的工程措施后,从总体上消除了地震液化的可能性。对用粉细砂填筑工程地震液化可能性的工程改善和判别具有可借鉴的价值。     

A simple formulation for predicting the ultimate strength of ships

The aim of this study is to derive a simple analytical formula for predicting the ultimate collapse strength of a single- and double-hull ship under a vertical bending moment, and also to characterize the accuracy and applicability for earlier approximate formulations. It is known that a ship hull will reach the overall collapse state if both collapse of the compression flange and yielding of the tension flange occur. Side shells in the vicinity of the compression and the tension flanges will often fail also, but the material around the final neutral axis will remain in the elastic state. Based on this observation, a credible distribution of longitudinal stresses around the hull section at the overall collapse state is assumed, and an explicit analytical equation for calculating the hull ultimate strength is obtained. A comparison between the derived formula and existing expressions is made for largescale box girder models, a one-third-scale frigate hull model, and full-scale ship hulls.List of symbols A _B total sectional area of outer bottom - A _B total sectional area of inner bottom - A _D total sectional area of deck - A _S half-sectional area of all sides (including longitudinal bulkheads and inner sides) - a _s sectional area of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating - b breadth of plate between longitudinal stiffeners - D hull depth - D _B height of double bottom - E Young's modulus - g neutral axis position above the base line in the sagging condition or below the deck in the hogging condition - H depth of hull section in linear elastic state - I _s moment of inertia of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating - l length of a longitudinal stiffener between transverse beams - M _E elastic bending moment - M _p fully plastic bending moment of hull section - M _u ultimate bending moment capacity of hull section - M _uh ,M _us ultimate bending moment in hogging or sagging conditions - r radius of gyration of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating [=(I _s /a _s )^1/2] - t plate thickness - Z elastic section modulus at the compression flange - Z _B ,Z _D elastic section modulus at bottom or deck - slenderness ratio of plate between stiffeners [= (b/t)(_y/E)^1/2] - slenderness ratio of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating [=(l/r)(_y/E)^1/2] - _y yield strength of the material - _yB , _yB , _yD yield strength of outer bottom, inner bottom - _yS deck, or side - _u ultimate buckling strength of the compression flange - _uB , _uB , _uD ultimate buckling strength of outer bottom - _uS inner bottom, deck, or side