薄腹板T型梁的稳定分析

通过薄腹板T梁的稳定性理论分析,推导出列车运营荷载作用下梁整体稳定极限承载力和腹板屈曲的极限承载力,并利用ANSYS对24m高强度混凝土T型梁进行了有限元分析。     

基于焊接的UIC900A及U75V钢轨钢的连续冷却特性

模拟钢轨焊接及焊后热处理工况,采用热膨胀方法分别测定UIC900A及U75V钢轨钢的连续冷转变曲线(CCT曲线)。通过对UIC900A及U75V钢轨钢连续冷却特性的分析和比较,结果表明:当模拟焊接的奥氏体化温度为1 300℃和冷却速度小于1.5℃.s-1时,这2种钢轨钢的组织均为珠光体,并且在正常情况下焊接后直接空冷也都不会出现马氏体组织,这时UIC900A和U75V钢轨钢的硬度分别达到329 HV和354 HV;当模拟焊后热处理的奥氏体化温度为900℃和冷却速度为0.5℃.s-1时,这2种钢轨钢的硬度均为300 HV左右。UIC900A钢轨钢可直接空冷,U75V钢轨钢则需用冷却速度为1~2℃.s-1的喷风软淬火,以使其硬度达到320~350 HV左右。     

基于遗传算法和可变多面体算法的耐压结构混合优化

水下结构设计的主要任务是如何进行结构优化,在保证水下结构安全可靠性的前提下减轻结构的自重.本文根据水下结构强度和稳定性要求,以遗传算法(GA)和可变多面体算法(SM)作为子算法构造了水下结构优化设计的混合优化策略,并应用于圆柱形耐压结构的优化设计,计算结果对于水下结构设计计算具有指导作用.     

Fatigue design for plug/ring type gas welded joints of sts301l including welding residual stresses

This paper presents a fatigue design method for plug and ring type gas welded joints, which incorporates welding residual stress effects. A non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) was first performed to simulate the gas welding process. The numerically predicted residual stresses of the gas welds were then compared to experimental results measured using a hole drilling method. In order to evaluate the fatigue strength of the plug and ring type gas welded joints, a stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R taling the welding residual stress of the gas weld into account was introduced and is based on a modified Goodman equation incorporating the effect of the residual stress. Using the stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R , the ΔP-N _f relations obtained from fatigue tests for plug and ring type gas welded joints having various dimensions and shapes were systematically rearranged into (σ _a ) _R -N _f relations. It was found that the proposed stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R could provide a systematic and reasonable fatigue design criterion for the plug and ring type gas welded joints.     

钢管混凝土单圆管标准拱桥面外稳定性有限元分析方法研究

为给钢管混凝土单圆管拱桥面外稳定性分析提供实用计算方法,对钢管混凝土单圆管标准拱桥面外弹性稳定性有限元分析方法进行研究。首先使用统计学方法,统计分析国内25座钢管混凝土单圆管拱桥基本构造数据及统计学参数;其次根据已有统计数据建立50~59m、60~69m、70~79m共3类跨径钢管混凝土单圆管标准拱桥并验算其安全性能;给出弹性稳定系数分析标准拱桥面外弹性稳定性能的基本假定以及竖向荷载和横桥向荷载计算方法,采用不同有限元方法分析标准拱桥面外稳定性,确定标准拱桥面外稳定性有限元计算方法。结果表明:通过统计数据建立的钢管混凝土单圆管标准拱桥能反映工程实际;采用恒、活载稳定系数计算方法求解标准拱桥面外弹性稳定承载力及极限承载力较为合适。     

Induced traffic and economic appraisal

Economic appraisal of major roads in the UK is based on a set of standard procedures and conventions. A central assumption has been that the volume and pattern of traffic in any given year is independent of the quality of service offered by the network — the fixed trip matrix assumption. Failing to consider induced traffic can have serious consequences for the accuracy and robustness of the measured traffic benefits from road improvements. Assessment of the wider economic benefits of roads, which is an important political imperative for road investment, is also made more difficult. Two conclusions are reached. Variable trip matrix methods need to be introduced for the appraisal of major road schemes, and scheme appraisal needs to be complemented by a more strategic area-wide approach to evaluation. In responding to its advisory committee (SACTRA), the UK Department of Transport has accepted the first of these conclusions and is cautiously favourable to the second.     

Effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames of bulk carriers (2nd Report)—Lateral-distortional buckling and local face buckling

Pitting corrosion is typical corrosion observed on coated hold frames of bulk carriers which exclusively carry coal and iron ore. In order to secure the safety of these types of bulk carriers, it is important to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames.

In order to investigate this effect, a series of 4- and 3-point bend tests on structural models which consist of web, shell and face plates has been carried out. Artificial pitting was created on the web plate to simulate pitting. In the 4-point bend tests, two equal concentrated loads have been applied vertically at the one-third points of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, lateral-distortional buckling occurred before reaching the ultimate strength and local buckling of the face plate was observed after reaching the ultimate strength. The effect of web plate pitting on the lateral-distortional buckling strength was found to be small but the ultimate strength decreases with increase in the degree of pitting intensity. In the 3-point bend tests, concentrated load has been applied vertically at the center of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, local face buckling occurred just after reaching the ultimate strength. The ultimate strength is found to be decreasing with increase in the degree of pitting intensity.

A series of non-linear FE analyses has been performed to simulate the deformation behavior observed in the tests. It has been revealed that even in the case of randomly distributed pitting corrosion the ultimate strength of the structural models was almost the same as that of the structural models with uniform corrosion corresponding to the average thickness loss.     

液压油缸的承载力

本文用压溃理论分析计算液压油缸的承载力,综合考虑了油缸本身初弯曲、受载偏心、活塞杆和缸筒的非刚性连接、铰支承摩擦、自重以及中间支承偏心等因素对油缸承载力的影响,并用实验对理论分析进行了验证,得到了较好的结果。     

电力牵引工频高压电磁场对人体视—运动反应时的影响

通过对我国电力牵引达２２年区段的２７．５ｋＶ工频电场强度为１．７５－３．４６ｋＶ／ｍ，磁感应强度为０．６０－１．７５ｍＴ，人体感应电流为１０．０８－５８．４０μＡ环境下作业的１３５９名工人和无电磁场接触史的３７５名工人的视－运动反应时值进行的测验和分析。结果表明两组无明显差异。引起视－运动反应时值的延长。结果表明两组无明显差异，引起视－运动反应时值的延长，机体协调功能减退的主要原因是年龄因素的增长     

Controlled pipeline lateral buckling by reeling induced curvature imperfections

Expansion of pipelines installed on the sea floor due to the passage of high temperature and pressure hydrocarbons leads to lateral buckling. Interaction with a frictional sea floor can result in localization of such buckles, which must be controlled to ensure that the local bending is within acceptable limits. Periodic geometric imperfections introduced to a pipeline installed by reeling using the Residual Curvature Method are modeled and their effectiveness as expansion loops is evaluated. The imperfections are generated by allowing chosen lengths of the line to retain a small curvature by judicious action at the straightener. The model properly accounts for the complex interactions between geometric and material nonlinearities with frictional forces. It is demonstrated that as the temperature increases, the line can buckle in a snap-through manner, or can grow stably usually causing plastic deformation in its crest. The behavior is governed by the length, curvature, amplitude and periodicity of the imperfection, and by the lateral and axial frictional forces that develop. The effect of each of these variables is studied parametrically. Overall, the Residual Curvature Method is found to be a viable and effective method of controlling lateral buckling. The results provide guidance on the optimal periodicity, how to avoid snap-through buckling, and how to simultaneously minimize plastic bending.