Adapting to Catch Shares: Perspectives of West Coast Groundfish Trawl Participants

Abstract

Catch share programs are used in fisheries management to meet goals such as species recovery, overcapacity reduction, and economic efficiency. Anticipated impacts include fleet consolidation, infrastructure reduction, and social disruption within communities. The Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Social Study (PCGFSS) aims to understand social changes related to the recently implemented West Coast Groundfish Trawl Catch Share Program. In this article, we use a subset of PCGFSS data to explore the ways remaining fishery participants have thus far adapted to catch shares. While some vessels have left the fishery, we found that many participants are adapting to this catch shares program despite challenges. Quota leasing strategies, fishery diversification, gear innovation, and community quota funds are some of the tools participants are using to continue operating under the catch shares program. These early challenges and adaptations to the catch share program are worthy of continued tracking, as researchers, managers, and fishing communities, would benefit by considering first-hand perspectives of the on-the-ground realities of harvesting groundfish in the rationalized fishery.     

复杂水动力条件下开敞式大型散货码头泊稳条件分析

针对复杂水动力开敞式大型散货码头的泊稳问题,采用国际通用的以船舶运动量为控制标准来分析码头泊稳条件的方法,确定西非某开敞式大型散货码头的泊稳条件。结果显示拟建码头不可作业期约为2.3%~13.5%,泊稳条件良好,码头平面布置合理,可为类似码头泊稳分析提供参考。     

西秦岭隧道TBM掘进步进施工技术

为了解决二次步进中TBM就位、安装步进设备中遇到的一系列技术难题,以兰渝铁路西秦岭隧道TBM施工为例,通过采用TBM在钻爆加大断面内模拟正常掘进、材料运输车编组优化、仰拱安装机改造等手段,解决了TBM步进设备(滑行支撑架)位置确定、步进材料供应、仰拱拼装效率低等难题,顺利、高效地实现了TBM二次步进作业。     

结合蒙西至华中通道引入方案浅析岳阳铁路地区总图格局

结合岳阳铁路地区既有客运和货运系统现状,综合考虑蒙西至华中地区铁路煤运通道及地区内既有铁路技术标准,研究蒙西至华中通道岳阳铁路地区引入方案;通过对既有铁路地区客货运系统布局的分析,研究蒙西至华中通道引入后的铁路地区总图规划,以充分利用铁路地区既有客货运设施为前提,最终确定规划机场西侧方案为推荐方案;充分利用既有客货运设施,规划铁路地区总图格局,对重载煤运通道引入既有铁路地区具有借鉴意义。     

西秦岭隧道TBM施工节能减排措施应用研讨

兰渝铁路西秦岭隧道是目前中国铁路建筑史上TBM掘进最长的隧道,工期紧,能源、资源投入大。项目根据TBM工法的实际特点,进一步夯实管理体制基础,紧绕"四节一环保"开展系列措施,同时依托科技创新,突出技术节能措施,并提出节能减排建议,在实现"高产低耗"方面取得了显著成效。     

TBM主轴承失效形式及其在西秦岭隧道施工中的故障分析

主轴承作为TBM关键件中的关键部件,一旦出现问题,如何迅速、彻底地解决故障对恢复生产、提高设备利用率、加快施工进度有着重大作用。分析主轴承失效形式,并结合兰渝铁路西秦岭隧道探讨TBM施工中主轴承的维护保养技术及主轴承在施工中出现问题的应对措施,总结TBM主轴承维保和使用要点,为正确操作、准确判断主轴承内部隐患、提高使用寿命提供借鉴。     

Coastal Resources as an Engine of Economic Growth and Reduction of Poverty in West Africa: Policy Considerations

This article synthesizes lessons and outcomes from the second international Coastal Zone Asia-Pacific conference (CZAP) on “Improving the Quality of Life in Coastal Areas,” held in Brisbane in September 2004. The conference theme was chosen as a follow-up from the first CZAP that identified priority actions in response to the increasing recognition of social issues in coastal management, particularly those aiming to improve the state of the coastal areas in the Asia-Pacific region. The second CZAP explored the “quality of life” theme by placing emphasis on rectifying coastal poverty, sustaining livelihoods, and protecting cultural heritage. Mechanisms to address these issues were explored through international agreements, participatory research, capacity building, and education, as well as the continuing need for integrated planning, environmental management, and effective monitoring and evaluation. A post-conference survey showed that the second CZAP resulted in 122 initiatives (82 underway and another 40 planned) to progress the improvement of quality of life in coastal areas. These initiatives ranged from the establishment of a unit that is responsible for river basin and coastal zone management by the Thua Thien Hue provincial government in Vietnam, to a collaborative on-ground livelihoods project between NGOs, government, and financial institutions on coastal zone management facilitated by the Asian Development Bank. However, the authors argue that two key challenges for ICM in the Asia-Pacific region remain. These challenges relate to the effective monitoring and evaluation of ICM initiatives, as well as matching future ICM initiatives to emergent priority areas.     

西秦岭铁路隧道TBM掘进同步衬砌施工技术探讨

为解决TBM正常掘进时连续皮带机在出碴工况下实现同步实施衬砌,介绍连续皮带机、通风软管、供水管路、高压电缆等的布置方式和穿越方式,对全断面衬砌液压台车进行特殊结构设计,并做科学合理的配套规划。为提高隧道TBM掘进施工进度、保证衬砌质量和施工安全提供借鉴和参考。     

Comparisons of urban transport sustainability: Lessons from West and North Africa

The diagnosis for urban transport sustainability depends on the context of different regions worldwide. We focus in this paper on West and North Africa which reveal similarities but also structural differences which are explored further. The importance of paratransit in its various forms is strongly observed in sub-Saharan Africa and to a lesser extent in North Africa. The attempts to regulate and organise this sector have been difficult; one interesting experience in Dakar occurred during a programme of fleet renewal. In parallel it is observed that there are positive but insufficient experiences of public transport authorities in some cities (Dakar, Abidjan) and similar projects postponed in other cities because of the institutional problems. One also observes the constant difficulties of designing sustainable schemes for bus companies. An answer to this crisis has been found in North Africa, through investment in new mass transport systems. However, mass transport projects in West Africa are very weak in comparison. The gap between public transport costs and income levels there remains a major obstacle to sustainable mobility exacerbated by the poverty of a significant part of the urban population in West Africa. Two other critical factors are also identified affecting sustainable mobility requirements, namely, the urban sprawl and increasing energy costs. Finally the conclusion recommends the use of research and expertise networks in order to help the design and the implementation of suited solutions.     

Environmental reform of West and Central Africa ports: the influence of colonial legacies

West and Central Africa ports have historically not paid much attention to environmental issues. In the past decade, however, environmental concerns are beginning to emerge with pockets of innovative responses to environmental risks as the ports undergo institutional and infrastructural reform – most notably, with concessions to multinational terminal operators. In this article, environmental management processes in the ports of Abidjan (Ivory Coast), Douala (Cameroon), Lagos (Nigeria) and Tema (Ghana) are compared. Three aspects of ecological modernization theory: changing role of the state, growing involvement of economic actors and economic incentives, and shifting roles for civil society organizations are focused on to analyse the dynamics of their environmental reform. Findings suggest that globalization processes are a common major trigger in enhancing a gradual but still fragmented and limited process of environmental reform in West and Central Africa ports, but paces and pathways of the reform are influenced by national politico-administrative arrangements rooted in colonial legacies. Consequently, understanding and advancing environmental reform processes of West and Central Africa ports requires following trends and significant developments but also taking into account national historical trajectories.