Comparisons of urban transport sustainability: Lessons from West and North Africa

The diagnosis for urban transport sustainability depends on the context of different regions worldwide. We focus in this paper on West and North Africa which reveal similarities but also structural differences which are explored further. The importance of paratransit in its various forms is strongly observed in sub-Saharan Africa and to a lesser extent in North Africa. The attempts to regulate and organise this sector have been difficult; one interesting experience in Dakar occurred during a programme of fleet renewal. In parallel it is observed that there are positive but insufficient experiences of public transport authorities in some cities (Dakar, Abidjan) and similar projects postponed in other cities because of the institutional problems. One also observes the constant difficulties of designing sustainable schemes for bus companies. An answer to this crisis has been found in North Africa, through investment in new mass transport systems. However, mass transport projects in West Africa are very weak in comparison. The gap between public transport costs and income levels there remains a major obstacle to sustainable mobility exacerbated by the poverty of a significant part of the urban population in West Africa. Two other critical factors are also identified affecting sustainable mobility requirements, namely, the urban sprawl and increasing energy costs. Finally the conclusion recommends the use of research and expertise networks in order to help the design and the implementation of suited solutions.     

西秦岭铁路隧道TBM掘进同步衬砌施工技术探讨

为解决TBM正常掘进时连续皮带机在出碴工况下实现同步实施衬砌,介绍连续皮带机、通风软管、供水管路、高压电缆等的布置方式和穿越方式,对全断面衬砌液压台车进行特殊结构设计,并做科学合理的配套规划。为提高隧道TBM掘进施工进度、保证衬砌质量和施工安全提供借鉴和参考。     

Environmental reform of West and Central Africa ports: the influence of colonial legacies

West and Central Africa ports have historically not paid much attention to environmental issues. In the past decade, however, environmental concerns are beginning to emerge with pockets of innovative responses to environmental risks as the ports undergo institutional and infrastructural reform – most notably, with concessions to multinational terminal operators. In this article, environmental management processes in the ports of Abidjan (Ivory Coast), Douala (Cameroon), Lagos (Nigeria) and Tema (Ghana) are compared. Three aspects of ecological modernization theory: changing role of the state, growing involvement of economic actors and economic incentives, and shifting roles for civil society organizations are focused on to analyse the dynamics of their environmental reform. Findings suggest that globalization processes are a common major trigger in enhancing a gradual but still fragmented and limited process of environmental reform in West and Central Africa ports, but paces and pathways of the reform are influenced by national politico-administrative arrangements rooted in colonial legacies. Consequently, understanding and advancing environmental reform processes of West and Central Africa ports requires following trends and significant developments but also taking into account national historical trajectories.     

北京西站创新发展实践及启示

随着科技发展铁路运输服务不断创新并取得一系列成果。立足实践经验,阐述北京西站在管理创新、技术创新方面的具体举措及其效果,总结提出加强铁路科技创新能够有效提升工作效率,提高管理精细化、标准化水平,是加快转变铁路发展方式、深入推进铁路科学发展的重要支撑。结合铁路科技创新发展现状,从建立综合信息平台、加强设备管理和人才培养、强化对外合作以及建立旅客信息反馈平台等方面提出铁路客站发展相关启示。     

优化丰台西站货检作业的探讨

在分析优化丰台西站贷检作业的意义和技术保障的基础上,从改进劳动组织、再造贷检作业流程、建立货检作业信息新流程方面提出了优化丰台西站货检作业的方案,最后总结了方案可进一步提高丰台西站货检安全保障水平、经济效益和运输效率。     

中国西部地区46个贫困县妇女孕产期保健现况

目的　了解西部地区妇女保健现状 ,分析其影响因素 ,从而寻找适当的改进措施。方法　对 9个项目省、自治区和直辖市的 4 6个项目县 ,进行了横断面调查设计及分层多阶段随机抽样调查。结果　产前检查率平均在 86 %以上 ;产前检查地点主要以乡卫生院为主 (占 4 7.78% ) ;分娩地点 :住院分娩的占 4 8.5 0 % ,在家里的占 4 9.2 6 %。结论　进一步提高住院分娩率 ,提高乡级卫生人员的业务素质 ,加强妇女保健的宣传工作 ,将有助于改善西部贫困地区的妇女保健状况     

The Brazilian National Plan for Coastal Management (PNGC)

The article is divided into three clearly defined sections. The first outlines the Brazilian National Coastal Zone Management Plan. The second offers a critical assessment of its introduction. To conclude, some general considerations are made. In this way, the author aims to achieve two objectives: to disseminate the aforementioned plan and offer a critical opinion of it.     

京沪高铁济南西站波浪形屋盖桁架与网架拼安装施工技术

济南西站主站房钢结构屋盖设计面积大,曲面造型多,结构布置与节点构造非常复杂,通过对构件拼装与吊装方案的精细研究,吊装过程中构件受力与变形的模拟分析,不等高脚手架的合理设计,保证了桁架与网架的安装精度与质量,所施工的波浪形屋盖美丽壮观,成为济南市一道亮丽的风景线,获得了良好的效果。     

南京西路人行天桥规划设计

该文通过交通分析及商业分析,确定了上海市南京西路人行天桥的选址原则,并介绍了连接南京西路五座商务大厦过街人行天桥的规划设计。     

对西部地区铁路信号挖潜改造的研究

本文针对西部地区提速改造,从提高机车信号可靠性、机车信号逐步替代主体信号、完善提速道岔、合理延长列车进路接近区段、加强提高微机监测功能等重要方面,进行了研究探讨,提出了见解和办法。