平底结构砰击压力的分布

物体以一定的速度撞击水面,会受到水的砰击力的作用.这种砰击压力持续的时间通常很短,但量值有时会很大.本文利用仿真软件对平底刚性结构的入水问题进行了研究,建立了二维有限元模型,对平底结构分别以不同速度等速入水的情况进行了计算.计算发现,在结构入水前瞬间,作用在结构上的压力迅速增大,在到达原静水面位置稍后的位置处达到峰值.压力持续的时间随着结构入水速度的增加而减小;砰击面上的压力分布也不是均匀的,在平底中心处最大,向两侧逐渐减小.作者在对砰击压力的作用时间和在砰击面上的分布情况做了详尽的分析后,导出了砰击压力在砰击面上分布和持续时间的计算公式.     

定位方式对浮式半潜平台气隙的影响特性及机理研究

本文结合模型试验,采用数值重构的模型,以一浮式半潜平台为算例进行时域全耦合分析,就锚泊定位与动力辅助锚泊定位对平台气隙影响的敏感性展开研究,深入探索了定位方式差异对平台气隙的影响特性及其机理.研究得到如下结论:动力辅助锚泊定位平台较之于纯锚泊定位平台,锚链对平台的垂向约束相对较小,在垂向方向,平台与波浪之间的随动性更好,从而减小了平台与水质点之间的相对运动,对气隙有着较好的改善效果.在同等工况下,锚泊定位方式平台发生负气隙的概率大于动力辅助锚泊定位方式平台,其波浪砰击也更为剧烈.在平台气隙数值模拟时,应充分考虑定位方式差异对平台安全作业的影响.     

Some analytical results for the initial phase of bottom slamming

The deformation of boat hull bottom panels during the initial phase of slamming is studied analytically using a linear elastic Euler–Bernoulli beam as a representation of the cross section of a bottom panel. The slamming pressure is modeled as a high-intensity peak followed by a lower constant pressure, traveling at constant speed along the beam. The problem is solved using a Fourier sine integral transformation in space and a Laplace–Carson integral transformation in time. Deflection and bending moment as functions of time and position for different speeds, bending stiffnesses, etc. are given. In particular the effect of slamming load traveling speed on structural response of the simplified bottom structure is investigated. It is found that rather large deflections and bending moments are encountered at certain speeds of the pressure, which suggests that bottom panels may benefit from tailoring their stiffness and mass properties such that loads are reduced. This would vary with boat particulars and operation (deadrise angle, mass, speed, sea state, etc). The importance of the high-intensity pressure peak often encountered during slamming is also studied. It is seen that for relatively slow moving slamming loads the pressure peak has little influence. However, for faster moving loads its influence can be significant.     

规则波和不规则波中船舶艉砰击及其振动响应的试验研究

在拖曳水池中对某船舶进行了艉砰击及其振动响应的试验研究.在规则波以及不规则波中的零航速、艉随浪情况下观察到了严重的艉砰击现象.试验数据分析表明,合成弯矩可以分成由波浪载荷引起的低频成分以及由砰击载荷引起的高频成分.由于严重艉砰击载荷的作用,发现在某次规则波试验中合成弯矩比波浪弯矩要大出44%,在3.24m不规则波中合成弯矩增加了43%.不规则波中的试验数据统计表明合成弯矩分布范围服从Weibull分布.推导了服从Weibull分布随机变量的短期概率极值预报公式,针对试验数据进行了预报.还讨论了试验数据分析中的不确定性问题.试验研究表明,对于艉部平坦肥大的船舶,在设计和使用中需要引起对艉砰击及其振动响应问题的重视.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

计及水-空气-结构耦合的结构砰击载荷预报方法研究

船舶在恶劣海况下航行时,船体与波浪之间会发生剧烈的砰击现象,严重时会造成船体局部结构损坏或降低船舶总纵强度。随着工业技术的革新和海洋资源开发的需要,当代船舶不断向高速化和大型化发展,船舶发生砰击现象的概率也越来越高。开展结构砰击特性研究,准确地预报结构物的砰击载荷,对船舶航行和人员安全有重要的意义。本文基于水动力学软件 Fine/Marine,建立水域-空气域-结构耦合的分析模型,对楔形结构的砰击特性进行数值仿真分析,并研究不同斜升角及不同入水速度对砰击载荷的影响。     

恶劣海况下船体波浪载荷的统计推断

介绍恶劣海况下船体波浪载荷（包括波浪和合成弯矩）统计推断的计算方法,并以某一高速排水型船舶作为算例进行计算。首先,按30 min短期海况估算该船的船舯波浪弯矩、砰击弯矩和合成弯矩统计特征值并与测量结果进行比较;其次按4 h海浪稳定假设,给出统计推断;最后,对巨浪海况完成算例船舶的波浪弯矩和合成弯矩的统计推断,并简要分析船体的总纵强度。     

基于谱分析法的船舶结构疲劳强度评估

  目的  常规疲劳损伤谱分析法只考虑了线性波浪载荷对疲劳寿命的影响,对于大外飘型船舶,如何考虑非线性砰击载荷的影响成为疲劳损伤计算的难点。  方法  首先,采用非线性时域方法计算船体总弯矩的时历分布;然后,结合雨流计数法,统计出船体节点在非线性砰击载荷下的疲劳应力范围分布,进而得到船体节点考虑非线性砰击载荷影响的疲劳损伤;最后,将其与线性波浪载荷产生的疲劳损伤予以对比,计算非线性砰击弯矩对某大外飘型船舶疲劳总损伤的放大系数。  结果  经计算,考虑砰击载荷后,疲劳损伤放大约40%。  结论  采用该计算方法对具有严重砰击载荷的船舶进行疲劳损伤计算具有实际参考意义。