南京仙新路特大跨度悬索桥抗震性能研究

鉴于大跨度悬索桥抗震性能研究的复杂性和特殊性,以南京仙新路特大跨度悬索桥为例,阐述悬索桥抗震性能研究的全过程,并分析行波效应对该桥地震响应的影响。结果表明:该桥的第一阶振型周期超过25.0 s,在常规体系E2地震下,桥塔及其基础保持弹性,但中央扣受拉破坏,从而使主梁位移过大;采用将中央扣作为牺牲构件,同时在塔梁间设置液压粘滞阻尼器的纵向减震体系后,能显著减小塔上支座、梁端的纵向位移以及主引桥相对位移,同时能小幅度减小塔底和承台底地震内力;行波效应对减震体系关键位置的地震内力和地震位移的影响较小。     

大型内河沉管隧道基础灌砂模型试验及效果检测技术研究

对某大型内河沉管隧道基础灌砂足尺模型试验进行详细阐述,应用冲击映像法、全波场无损检测法相结合的方式对试验模型中不同工况下灌砂前、灌砂过程中以及灌砂后的效果进行测试,对模型试验中不同工况下各项测试数据及结果进行系统分析,对沉管隧道基础灌砂工艺与灌砂效果进行评价。此外,介绍该大型内河沉管隧道基础灌砂效果现场监测内容及具体实施方法,基于先期施工各管段基础灌砂现场监测、潜水探摸及管段后续沉降监测结果,对大型内河沉管隧道基础灌砂效果现场检测及处理技术进行系统的研究。主要研究结论如下： 1）冲击映像法可以监测砂积盘的生成及发展过程,可以较准确地判断灌砂填充状况和快速检测混凝土底板下部灌砂填充状态,是沉管隧道基础灌砂效果评价的有力手段,是动态把握灌砂过程、实时追踪施工过程的砂液变化的有力手段。2）已施工管段现场沉降量观测结果显示,沉管隧道E1-E6各管段已灌砂基础的承载力均满足设计要求,证明冲击映像法可以作为沉管隧道基础灌砂检测评定方法。     

三维空间路线连续性衰退对公路安全性影响分析

为深入分析公路三维空间线形连续性衰退对事故频数的影响,采集广东省内3条高等级公路243 km道路设计资料,共1 768条有效事故数据,利用Tobit回归模型分析三维空间路线连续性衰退对公路安全性的影响.应用微分几何空间的基本理论,提出公路线形连续性衰退表征参数,利用Tobit回归模型对数据样本中单元内总曲率差(TCD)...     

Size effect on residual stress in low transformation temperature welded joints

It has been reported that low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metals are beneficial to generation of compressive residual stress around weld zone. In this study, the relationship among residual stress, size effect of LTT welded joints with different plate width and thickness as well as martensite start (Ms) temperatures was investigated by experimental and finite-element analysis. It was found that heat dissipation and thermal expansion coefficient of LTT weld metal had a significant impact on residual stress. Welded joint with a small plate width led to greater compressive residual stresses in the LTT weld, which was due to the lower heat dissipation and smaller thermal expansion coefficient of the LTT weld metal in due course of cooling process. Additionally, the finite-element analysis revealed that increasing plate width mainly affected the longitudinal residual stress, while increasing the plate thickness influenced all the residual stress components in the LTT weld. Furthermore, the LTT weld with a lower Ms temperature of 191 °C resulted in greater compressive residual stresses, and was less sensitive to the LTT joint size, as against the Ms temperature of 398 °C.     

Risk perception affecting the performance of shipping companies: the moderating effect of China and Korea

Risks in the shipping industry have been highlighted and have attracted significant attention, especially following the bankruptcy of Hanjin in 2017. Due to the decrease in container volume, the business environment for large shipping companies in China has deteriorated. Therefore, major large shipping companies have implemented mixed ownership reform, which provides more opportunities for large Korean shipping companies to enter the Chinese shipping industry. This study first identifies risk perception, specifically focusing on the moderating effect of Chinese and Korean shipping companies, and then demonstrates the impact of these risks on shipping company performance. The results show that market, operational, and technical risks have a negative influence on Chinese shipping companies, whereas market, policy, financial, operations, and technical risks have a negative influence on Korean shipping companies. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the effect of risk perception on performance among shipping companies in both countries and calls for further research on risk management plans based on the risk factors identified herein. On a practical level, this study provides an important reference for operators and investors who seek to enter strategic alliances or joint venture in Chinese shipping industry.     

复合纤维混凝土的早期抗裂性能

通过在水泥基体中加入纤维素纤维(CTF)、聚乙烯醇纤维(PF)、复合微筋纤维(VS)3种性能各异的纤维,分析了其单掺与混掺时混凝土的早期抗裂性能.结果表明:单掺时PF在3种纤维中对早期抗裂性能贡献最大,但混掺时CTF,VS可与PF形成互补,产生正混杂效应,其中CTF与PF共同遏制早期微裂纹的扩展,VS在微裂纹扩展为裂缝时发挥"桥接"作用,从而增强混凝土早期抗裂性能.研究结果可为研发高性能水泥基复合纤维材料提供参考.     

考虑入射角和局部地形影响的地面地震动效应分析

本文通过建立考虑局部地形条件的场地模型,采用粘弹性理论设置人工边界,考虑入射角进行等效地震荷载输入,对五种不同地形和坡度的场地进行地面地震动效应分析。结果表明,凹状河谷地形和凸状山脊地形相比于平地地形来说对地震动具有放大效应,坡顶的地震响应要高于坡底的地震响应,地面地震动响应大致呈现与地形类似的形状,迎波面地震响应要高于背波面地震响应。     

绿化带对交通噪声衰减效果对比分析

选取福州市三环路的绿化带进行实验,主要以樟树与灌木、黄槐与灌木、刺桐与灌木、羊蹄甲与灌木绿化带作为研究对象,研究不同树种的郁闭度,在不同噪声强度下,各树种搭配衰减效果,进一步分析郁闭度与单位长度绿化带衰减效果的相关性。结果表明:刺桐与樟树绿化带郁闭度较高,黄槐次之,羊蹄甲郁闭度最低;黄槐的降噪效果最为明显,其次是樟树与刺桐,羊蹄甲的降噪效果最差,且噪声声级越高,绿化带衰减效果也越理想;郁闭度与噪声衰减值关系相关性较差,郁闭度需结合树木枝叶相关特征来分析整个树木的空间立体结构,进而建立与衰减效果之间关联。     

An innovative model to estimate the accessibility of a destination by public transport

Accessibility is a valuable indicator for assessing the effectiveness of a transport network. Nevertheless, its analysis can lead to very heterogeneous results depending on the method adopted, thus still struggling to be considered by policy makers and in planning processes. This article contributes to the development of an accessibility analysis as a planning tool, by proposing an alternative model to estimate the relative accessibility of a destination by public transport (PT). Indeed, PT is a mobility paradigm that has been supported to reduce the negative externalities produced by private transport, especially in environmentally fragile contexts. The model includes a set of eleven factors affecting public transport operation which refer to four macro topics: connectivity, multimodality, tariff/ticketing, and info-mobility. They are integrated into a Public Transport Accessibility index which analyses a series of nodes along a route and detects the progressive variation of accessibility. Eventual shifts are highlighted, including information about the factors feeding them. The model is tested for the Lana-Zurich (IT-CH) connection, showing how the most relevant issues are caused by difficulties in the transnational and transregional integration of the services. Through this process, the model aims at backing policy makers in the detection and understanding of public transport barriers and related causes.     

路面平整度对标线逆反射测试的静态影响

为了明确路面平整度对道路交通标线逆反射亮度系数测试的静态影响机理，减小工程应用中的误差，针对手持式逆反射测量仪和车载式逆反射测量仪，在忽略仪器测量基准平面偏差的前提下，参考公路工程质量检验评定标准中路面平整度“最大间隙”的要求，分析路面平整度影响下的现场测试几何条件，提出逆反射标线板设计方案及其参考值赋值方法，开展手持式逆反射测量仪和车载式逆反射测量仪的测量偏差试验。在逆反射标线板参考值赋值过程中发现，反射照度随着入射角的增大而降低，同逆反射亮度系数随入射角变化产生的变化趋势呈非线性关系。手持式逆反射测量仪和车载式逆反射测量仪无法识别入射角产生的偏差，仅通过测得的反射信号强度计算得到逆反射亮度系数，因此其变化趋势和反射照度随入射角变化的趋势相近。入射角偏差对车载式逆反射测量仪测量结果引入的相对不确定度u_r22为4.8%，对开放光路的手持式逆反射测量仪测量结果引入的相对不确定度u_r12为7.4%。研究结果表明：入射角偏差对道路交通标线逆反射亮度系数的现场测量结果影响较大，在现场测量时应注意调整仪器的放置位置；车载式逆反射测量仪较手持式逆反射测量仪抗干扰的能力更强，在路面平整度较差的路段选用车载式逆反射测量仪并进行数据修正能够提高测量结果的可信度；建议车载式逆反射测量仪选取9 m内最大高程差不超过7 mm的路段进行现场自校准。