日本东京湾港口群的主要港口职能分工及启示

由于日本东京湾内港口群职能分工合理,使得狭小的港湾内云集了6个世界级的大型港口,而港口间不但没有形成恶性竞争,反而取得了良好的增长业绩。通过对其职能分工经验进行分析,结合我国环渤海各主要港口的基础与优势,从而提出环渤海各主要港口的职能分工的构想。     

Sea level and Eddy Kinetic Energy variability in the Bay of Biscay, inferred from satellite altimeter data

Twelve years (1993–2005) of altimetric data, combining different missions (ERS-1/2, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Envisat), are used to analyse sea level and Eddy Kinetic Energy variability in the Bay of Biscay at different time-scales. A specific processing of coastal data has been applied, to remove erroneous artefacts. Likewise, an optimal interpolation has been used, to create a series of regional Sea Level Anomaly maps, merging data sets from two satellites.The sea level presents a trend of about 2.7 mm/year, which is within the averaged values of sea level rise in the global ocean. Frequency spectra show that the seasonal cycle is the main time-scale affecting the sea level and Eddy Kinetic Energy variability. The maximum sea level occurs in October, whilst the minimum is observed in April. The steric effect is the cause of this annual cycle. The Northern French shelf/slope presents intense variability which is likely due to internal tides. Some areas of the ocean basin are also characterised by intense variability, due to the presence of eddies.The Eddy Kinetic Energy, in turn, is higher from December to May, than during the rest of the year and presents a weak positive trend from April 1995 to April 2005. Several documented mesoscale events, occurring at the end of 1997 and during 1998, are analysed. Altimetry maps prove to be a useful tool to monitor swoddy-like eddies from their birth to their decay, as well as the inflow of seasonal slope water current into the southeastern corner of the Bay of Biscay.     

The Elliott Bay/Duwamish restoration program: A status report

Injuries to natural resources from the release of hazardous substances into aquatic environments have led to hundreds of millions of dollars in compensatory damages awarded under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and other legislation. The institutional mechanisms for negotiating and carrying out the terms of CERCLA natural resource settlements are still in their infancy, and each case has a unique set of injuries, assigned damages, payout schedules, trustee council membership and operating procedures, and environmental conditions and constraints. One of the settlements that has made significant progress toward large‐scale habitat enhancement has occurred in Elliott Bay, a busy, seriously impacted urban harbor in Washington State. The Elliott Bay case is unique among natural resource injury settlements because of the active involvement of two local governments, the City of Seattle, and Metro, who were named as defendants in a lawsuit brought by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on behalf of the natural resource trustees of Elliott Bay. Both local governments have maintained, and continue to operate, outfalls that discharge into Elliott Bay, and both entities were subject to attempts to recover damages under CERCLA. Following the filing of the lawsuit over injuries to the natural resources of the estuary, alleged to have resulted from the operation of these outfalls, the parties involved negotiated a consent decree settlement. The Elliott Bay/Duwamish Restoration Program has established a process to redress some of the injuries that were attributed to the operation of these outfalls.     

Seasonal variation of riverine nutrient inputs in the northern Bay of Biscay (France), and patterns of marine phytoplankton response

Seasonal variations in nutrient inputs are described for the main rivers (Loire and Vilaine) flowing into the northern Bay of Biscay. The river plumes are high in N/P ratio in late winter and spring, but not in the inner plume during the summer. Conservative behavior results in most nutrients entering the estuary and eventually reaching the coastal zone. Temporal and spatial aspects of phytoplankton growth and nutrient uptake in the northern Bay of Biscay distinguish the central area of salinity 34 from the plume area. The first diatom bloom appears offshore in late winter, at the edge of the river plumes, taking advantage of haline stratification and anticyclonic “weather windows.” In spring, when the central area of the northern shelf is phosphorus-limited, small cells predominate in the phytoplankton community and compete with bacteria for both mineral and organic phosphorus. At that period, river plumes are less extensive than in winter, but local nutrient enrichment at the river mouth allows diatom growth. In summer, phytoplankton become nitrogen-limited in the river plumes; the central area of the shelf is occupied by small forms of phytoplankton, which are located on the thermocline and use predominantly regenerated nutrients.     

海口综合枢纽港建设的构想

根据海南省未来经济发展目标,对海口港建设成综合枢纽港提出构想,一是充分利用琼北地区海岸建设深水港的自然优势,选择与海口市毗邻的澄迈湾西侧的玉包角建设新的林诗深水港,二是在建设步骤上,先是调整和整合现有海口港的港口功能,即调整秀英港,整合和适度发展原有的马村港区,在此基础上启动林诗深水港,最终形成海口综合枢纽港。对于原计划在盈滨半岛建设的东水港港址,应充分利用其砂坝———泻湖海岸特有的景色,建成与海口中心城市相匹配的旅游度假胜地。     

汕头海湾隧道超大直径泥水盾构针对性设计及不良地质施工技术

为应对海域环境土-岩-孤石复合地层超大直径泥水盾构施工存在的重难点及风险,以汕头海湾隧道为工程依托,对泥水盾构的刀盘刀具、冲刷系统、主驱动等进行针对性设计以提高设备适应性,并在孤石处理、刀具配置、掘进参数、施工管理等方面采取针对性施工方案。通过采取以上措施,实现了降低刀具损坏、控制管片上浮、提高施工效率的效果,保障盾构安全、快速通过了不良地质地层。     

青岛碱厂温排水对娄山河口附近水环境的影响预测

采用二维有限元数学模型,对青岛碱厂白泥脱硫废水排放在胶州湾水动力作用下夏季和冬季不同温升的扩散范围进行了预测,并根据不同温升的影响范围分析评估对娄山河口附近海洋生物的影响情况。预测结果表明,白泥脱硫废水温升排放,在夏季影响较冬季小,夏季时温升超一、二类水质的面积为0.30 km2,离排放口的最远距离为0.78 km,没有超三、四类水质的水域;冬季时温升超一、二类水质的面积为1.24 km2,离排放口的最远距离为1.82 km,超三、四类水质的水域面积为0.35 km2,离排放口的最远距离为0.81 km。冬季温升较高,会对生态环境产生一定的不利影响。     

湛江湾水文泥沙特性分析

分析了湛江湾的水动力特性、泥沙特性和岸滩演变规律,认为湛江湾具备建设深水大港的良好自然条件.     

Comparison of simulation results and field data on currents and density in Tokyo Bay

A multilevel model was applied to the calculation of permanent current and density variation in Tokyo Bay, and the change of the state of stratification and the accompanying current field was simulated. In the numerical simulation, the observed field data such as wind conditions and atmospheric temperature were used as input to the calculation, and the results were compared with the observed values of currents, salinity, and sea temperature. Comparison of simulation results and observed data revealed that the numerical simulation could describe well the current and density field governed by wind under stratified conditions. In particular, the long-term variations of the vertical structure of salinity and temperature from summer to autumn could be predicted qualitatively, as could the long-term variations of the vertical structure of salinity and temperature from summer to autumn. Additionally, the effects of boundary conditions on the results of numerical simulations were examined. As a result, it was clarified that the simulation results of salinity stratification were strongly affected by the boundary conditions such as river discharge and the vertical structure of salinity at the open boundary adjacent to the outer ocean.     

潮流数学模型在兴化湾深水航道研究中的应用

建立了基于不规则三角形网格有限差分法的兴化湾二维潮流数学模型,对兴化湾潮流场进行了数值模拟。对可以开辟成深水航道的南日水道和兴化水道,特别是兴化水道经过的鸡蛋岛和野马屿之间附近水域进行了网格加密处理,对其流场进行了细化模拟。根据数值模拟结果,对兴化水道和南日水道的潮流场特征进行了分析,为航道规划设计提供了基础依据。