Houston-Galveston Navigation Channel: Blueprint for the Beneficial Uses of Dredge Material

The beneficial uses of dredge material from the Houston-Galveston Navigation Channel (HGNC) to create large-scale wetlands represents a blueprint for other large U.S. ports. The port authority's interagency coordination team, the Beneficial Uses Group (BUG), successfully developed an innovative 50-year plan to deal with dredge material disposal from the channel widening and maintenance project. The creation of intertidal wetlands will initiate the restoration of the United States' second most productive estuary, in concert with the Galveston Bay National Estuary Plan, while capturing increasingly scarce government financing for port maintenance and improvement operations. An overview of the various beneficial uses of dredge material in the HGNC enlarging project is presented with a detailed investigation of the Bayport Demonstration Marsh. The HGNC project is analyzed as a prototype for successful extensive wetland creation ventures, and several key design criteria for similar large-scale marsh creation projects are given.     

杭州湾跨海大桥湿接头混凝土裂缝原因分析及防裂措施研究

杭州湾跨海大桥湿接头混凝土,由于恶劣的施工环境、特殊的结构及施工工艺,很容易产生裂缝。通过温度应力计算,分析了裂缝产生的原因,并研制出水化热降低剂,有效地降低了混凝土内部的早期温升,实践证明该措施对抑制湿接头混凝土裂缝效果明显。     

区域与城市空间视角下深圳铁路设施布局探讨

在剖析区域及城市空间对深圳市铁路布局要求的基础上,分析了既有铁路存在的不足之处。提出了提升深圳在高速铁路网中的枢纽地位,构建以深圳为核心的城际铁路网,发挥铁路对城市空间支撑作用的三大规划策略;构建“高铁+城际”为骨干的区域交通组织模式,支撑“粤港澳”建设为世界一流湾区、深圳建设为全球一流城市的计划。     

粤港澳大湾区战略下深圳港的发展建议

伴随着粤港澳大湾区正式上升为国家战略,区域经济发展重心的新变化会对深圳港发展产生重要影响。通过系统梳理大湾区发展目标与战略部署,选取地区生产总值、产业结构、生态环保、固定资产投资与集疏运体系5个重要指标,分别与港口吞吐量构建双变量VAR模型进行脉冲响应分析,进而对深圳港提出发展建议。结果表明,地区生产总值、产业结构以及集疏运体系能够对港口吞吐量产生长期正向影响,生态环保能够对港口吞吐量产生长期负面影响,而固定资产投资对于港口吞吐量的影响较弱;优化港区布局、注重生态环保、加强通道建设等发展建议,可加快促进深圳港建设成为符合大湾区发展特色的新港口。     

Water quality and shellfish management in tillamook bay,Oregon

The contamination of shellfish by pathogenic bacteria and viruses is a concern of shellfish producers, distributors, and consumers. To address these water quality concerns, the National Shellfish Sanitation Program has classified shellfish growing waters as approved, conditionally approved, or prohibited. The Tillamook estuary is one of Oregon's primary shellfish harvest areas. Degradation of water quality in Tillamook Bay has been linked to oyster bed closures, declines in salmonid populations, and decreases in recreational use of estuarine resources. In this study, water quality concerns related to shellfish management are addressed by examining the patterns of fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) concentration in Tillamook Bay. A oneway analysis of variance was used to compare log‐transformed FCB concentrations in prohibited, restricted, and conditional shellfish management areas. We found (I) a difference in Tillamook Bay water quality between all three areas and (2) a change in FCB concentrations through time in each management area. Since the designation of shellfish management areas affects the economy and public health, monitoring practices need to be reevaluated in order to draw more refined conclusions about water quality trends in Tillamook Bay.     

Shoreline development controls and public access to the ocean's edge

Abstract

The San Diego Coast Regional Commission, faced with the responsibility of approving, approving with conditions, or denying permits for development proposed along the scenic coastal bluffs of San Diego county, has adopted guidelines for bluff‐top development which assures retention of scenic vistas and provision of public access while permitting private landowners “reasonable use”; of their property. These unique guidelines delineate certain environmental and aesthetic parameters within which bluff‐top development may take place. Portions of the guidelines are presented, and some of the factors leading to their formulation and adoption are discussed.     

The Cost of Nutrient Reduction: A Case Study of Chesapeake Bay

Over $3.5 billion were spent toward nutrient controls in the Chesapeake Bay watershed between 1985 and 1996. These expenditures were based on cost-shares between federal, state, local, and private sources and should be considered conservative. A comparison of point and nonpoint nutrient control expenditures in the Bay basin showed that about 50% of the funds were directed toward agricultural best management practices and 45% were allocated for point source nutrient reductions and combined sewer overflows (20% and 25%, respectively). The remainder was spent on various other estuarine-targeted programs. Maryland was responsible for 79% of the total expenditures, 16% was expended by Virginia, and the remainder was attributable to the District of Columbia and Pennsylvania (4% and 1%, respectively). The most costly basin was the Patuxent (over $125 per kilogram of total nitrogen removed) and the least costly was the Eastern Shore of Virginia, where the cost was just under $21 per kilogram of nitrogen removed. For the control practices examined, the analysis found that nutrient management was the least costly. Animal waste control and low tillage were the second and third most economical nutrient management strategies. Significant reductions were achieved from point sources for both total nitrogen (16%) and total phosphorus (53%) by 1996. Virtually all of the large reduction in point source phosphorus was a result of the phosphorus detergent ban implemented basinwide in the late 1980s. Nonpoint source nutrient reductions were more modest. An approximate 12% reduction in phosphorus was accompanied by an 8% reduction in total nitrogen loadings. Despite these nutrient reductions, no significant improvements in bottom-dissolved oxygen levels were detected along the Bay mainstem during the warmer months, and the mouth of Chesapeake Bay showed marginally significant degradation during the 11-year period. It was determined that dissolved oxygen conditions were influenced more by nitrogen than phosphorus reductions and that nutrient controls aimed at the mid-Bay region had the greatest potential for improving low dissolved oxygen conditions in the Bay's bottom waters.     

Seasonal changes in the positional importance of components in the trophic flow network of the Chesapeake Bay

Community-level processes may shape food web structure. In this paper, a graph theoretical study of the weighted trophic flow network of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem shows how important are positions in the energy (carbon) transport system. The positional importance of components is compared to the quantity of energy flowing through them. We suggest that the congruence between important network positions and large flows refers to the larger role of trophic interactions in community control. A seasonal dynamical analysis of the network has led us to the conclusion that winter is the season when the importance of predation is the highest.     

杭州湾跨海大桥钢箱梁安装线形控制中的几个问题

杭州湾跨海大桥南通航孔桥为A形单塔双索面三跨连续半漂浮体系钢箱梁斜拉桥,其钢箱梁安装过程中,先后发生了临时固结松动、支架脱离时梁端标高异常、悬臂梁端竖向标高变化大、轴线横向偏差增加等问题.针对其安装线形控制问题进行分析和讨论,施工中采取相应措施控制钢箱粱安装线形,完成主跨合龙,取得了较好的效果.     

青岛市大尺度海湾型空间结构的交通方式选择

为支撑青岛市多中心、海湾型大都市空间框架,必须选择合理的交通方式,拉近各个城市组团的时间距离。首先,分析了不同城市规模下出行距离、出行时耗的相对稳定性和各种交通方式适宜的城市空间尺度。然后,按照空间圈层发展特点和交通特征的差异性划分市域、都市区和中心城区三个交通圈层,分析各交通圈层空间与出行时耗的关系。最后,基于时空约束提出各圈层交通方式的需求和选择。