A model study with light-dependent mortality rates of copepod stages

This paper is based on an advanced ecosystem model of the Baltic Sea (ERGOM [J. Mar. Sys. 25 (3–4) (2005) 405]), but with an increased resolution of the zooplankton stage variable [J. Plankton Res. 23 (2001) 1217; ICES Marine Science 219 (2003) 208]. The model copepods are represented by five stages: eggs, an aggregated variable of nauplii, two aggregated groups of copepodites and adults. The transfer among the stages, i.e., hatching, molting and reproduction, is controlled by food availability and temperature.As usual, the model food web is truncated at the level of zooplankton. The study explores the effects of different parametrization of zooplankton mortality and looks in particular on light-dependent rates. The light climate may serve a proxy for the effects of visual feeding of fish larvae and fish. Different choices of the mortality parameters can result in remarkable differences in abundances and biomass of the model zooplankton and in the timing of its development.It is found that the different choices of mortality affect the development of populations in several ways: Relative small initial differences of abundances at the beginning of the spring bloom are important for the development of the model populations. Higher mortality rates are less important at food rich conditions than at scarce resources. At low phytoplankton levels, the individual development of the copepods through the stages can be faster for elevated mortality rates because then less animals have to share the available food.     

Sea ice and the onshore–offshore gradient in pre-winter zooplankton assemblages in southeastern Beaufort Sea

Zooplankton communities were studied in southeastern Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean) in September–October 2002. Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed three distinct mesozooplankton assemblages. A neritic assemblage occurred on the Mackenzie Shelf and in Franklin Bay, while distinct off-shelf assemblages prevailed in the Cape Bathurst Polynya and on the Beaufort Slope respectively. Over 95% of the mesozooplankton was comprised of eight copepod taxa. Pseudocalanus spp. contributed predominantly to the discrimination of the three assemblages and was the only significant indicator of the Shelf assemblage. Oithona similis, Oncaea borealis, Metridia longa and Calanus hyperboreus were indicators of the Polynya assemblage. Cyclopina sp. and Microcalanus pygmaeus were indicative of the overall off-shelf community (Polynya and Slope assemblages). The importance of omnivores and carnivores increased from the shelf to the polynya and the slope. Station depth and duration of reduced ice conditions during summer (< 50% ice concentration) underpinned the distribution of the assemblages (r² = 0.71 and 0.45 respectively). The abundance of Pseudocalanus spp. was independent of depth and increased with the duration of reduced ice conditions (r_s = 0.438). The abundance of Cyclopina sp., M. pygmaeus and other indicators of the offshore assemblages followed the opposite trend (r_s = − 0.467 and − 0.5 respectively). Under continued climate warming, a reduction of the ice cover will affect the biogeography of mesozooplankton on and around the Mackenzie Shelf, to the potential advantage of Pseudocalanus spp. and other calanoid herbivores.     

基于复杂网络理论的电力网络节点安全性分析

针对电力系统复杂网络信息系统的安全问题,根据枢纽变电站分布情况及网络拓扑结构,应用复杂网络中的社团结构探索方法将电力网络划分为若干个分区.根据划分后的各个分区,确定电力网络中需要重点保护的节点和公共连边.实验结果表明:通过复杂网络中社团结构探索方法能够有效地反映电力网络的社团结构特性,为防御电力网络遭受恶性破坏提供了理论根据.     

Dynamics of suprabenthos-zooplankton communities around the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean): Influence of environmental variables and effects on the biological cycle of Aristeus antennatus

Dynamics of suprabenthos and zooplankton were analyzed in two areas located in the NW (off Sóller harbour) and S (off Cabrera Archipelago) of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean) at depths ranging between 135–780 m. Four stations situated respectively at 150 m (shelf-slope break), and at bathyal depths of 350, 650 and 750 m were sampled at bi-monthly intervals during six cruises performed between August 2003 and June 2004. Suprabenthos showed maximum biomass in both areas from late spring to summer (April to August), while minimum biomass was found in autumn (September–November). Though variable, temporal dynamics of zooplankton showed peaks of biomass in late winter and summer (February and June), while minimals occurred in autumn (August–September) and, at bathyal depths, in April. Suprabenthos (abundance; MDS analyses) showed a sample aggregation as a function of depth (3 groups corresponding to the shelf-slope break, upper slope — over 350 m; and the middle, deeper part of the slope — over 650–750 m), without any separation of hauls by season. By contrast, zooplankton samples were separated by season and not by depth. There was evidence of three seasonal groups corresponding to summer (June 2004–August 2003), autumn–winter (September and November 2003, February 2004), and spring (April 2004), being especially well established off Sóller. In general, suprabenthos was significantly correlated with the sediment variables (e.g. total organic matter content (% OM), potential REDOX), whereas zooplankton was almost exclusively dependent on Chl a at the surface, which suggests two different food sources for suprabenthos and zooplankton. The increase of suprabenthos abundance in April–June was paralleled by a sharp increase (ca. 2.8 times) in the %OM on sediment during the same period, coupled ca. 1–2 months of delay with the peak of surface Chl a recorded in February–March (from satellite imagery data). Suprabenthos biomass was also correlated with salinity close to the bottom, suggesting a link between suprabenthos abundance and changes in the oceanographic condition of water masses close to the bottom. It is suggested that a higher suprabenthos biomass recorded off Sóller in comparison to that off Cabrera in June could, in turn, be related to a seasonal inflow of Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) in April–June in this area at mid bathyal depths (350–650 m). This trend would be based on: 1) it was evident only at mid-slope depths between 350–750 m, coinciding with the LIW distribution, and 2) it was not recorded among zooplankton (collected throughout the water column). The possible effect of the fluctuations of suprabenthos and zooplankton on higher trophic levels has been explored studying the diet and food consumption rates of the red shrimp Aristeus antennatus, as indicator species by its dominance in bathyal communities. A. antennatus increased its food consumption from February to April–June 2004 off Sóller, which in the case of large (CL > 40 mm) specimens was found in both areas. In addition, there was a shift of diet from winter to spring–early summer. In this last period, A. antennatus preyed upon euphausiids and mesopelagic decapods and fish, while benthos (e.g. polychaetes and bivalves) decreased in the diet. This indicates an increase in the food consumption and probably in the caloric content of the diet in pre-spawning females in April–June 2004, which is synchronized with the period when gonad development begins in A. antennatus females (May–June). Anyway, macrozooplankton, and not suprabenthos, is crucial as a high energetic food source in the coupling between food intake and reproduction in the red shrimp.     

武汉社区中老年健身操（舞）开展情况的调查研究

随着年龄的增长,人体机体机能发生退行性变化,生理功能下降,抵抗力降低,发病率就会大大增加,参加适当的体育锻炼是防病治病的重要手段。为此,笔者对武汉市体育社区中的中老年健身操（舞）的开展状况进行了调查,了解了一些老年健身操（舞）在社区中的开展现状及效果,为今后在社区中指导中老年健身操（舞）活动提供一定的参考依据。     

LID技术在华南地区高密度小区的应用设计

由于低影响开发(LID)技术在不同地区的应用效果存在差异,因此通过分析华南地区气候特点、雨水管理现状问题,并采用实地调研、理论分析及经济性分析确定华南地区高密度小区建筑、道路、公共场地、绿地等不同要素对应适用的LID技术,以便于实现场地内雨水的快速管理,提高室外热舒适性,创造更为协调的景观环境。最后针对性提出自然与人工协作的雨水管理新模式,解决华南地区因雨季较长导致场地内排水速度缓慢的问题。     

基于出行服务链的社区公交线路模式与效应分析

在分析上海轨道交通网络布局和居民出行行为方式的基础上,提出需要从调控机动化的合理进程与水平的角度,考虑建立在交通行为分析基础上的以公交为主体的多方式出行服务链,社区公交是构建这一模式的重要方式.从市场细分的角度来看,很多社区的公交线路布设缺乏与轨道交通衔接的线路,存在对公交服务水平尤其是舒适度需求较高人群细分需求尚未满足.从出行服务链的角度来看,合理的社区公交线路设计可以促使街区吸引力的提升,内部出行链结构节点增加,街区活动节点的吸引强度增加并更为均衡.最后应用非集计模型SP调查数据进行计算,对社区公交的客流需求和线网布设进行了探讨.     

基于GIS技术的哈尔滨市二环地区人居环境评价

利用GIS手段,制作哈尔滨市二环人居环境评价等级图。首先,对地理信息系统作简单的介绍,并说明他在人居环境评价中的应用原理,其中,主要对GIS的空间分析功能进行详细阐述。其次,通过查阅文献资料,建立一套比较完整的城市住宅区人居环境评价体系。最后,对搜集到数据进行住宅区人居环境评价,并将结果以专题图的形式展现出来,通过对实例的分析,更直观地表现出GIS在城市人居环境评价中的应用。     

论现代知识管理与信息技术

近年来,知识管理已逐渐成为信息技术发展和企业商业管理中越来越重要的一个关键领域.许多知名企业和专业组织都正式将知识管理列入了他们的首要发展计划.本文主要探讨了几个知识管理的重要理论和基本概念,比如外显性和内显性知识,行业实践社群,及知识管理的工作过程等等.同时介绍了一些现代信息技术在知识管理的领域中的合理应用情况.     

西部少数民族地区公路建设项目社会经济评价研究

以少数民族聚居的新疆南疆地区为例,分析西部少数民族地区自然条件和区域特点,就西部少数民族地区公路建设项目社会经济评价的范围和内容进行了初步研究,构建了西部少数民族地区公路建设项目社会经济评价的指标体系,并进行了评价方法的探讨。