桥墩病害处治方法探索——重庆菜园坝长江大桥引桥桥墩的纠偏与加固记实

重庆菜园坝长江大桥工程是重庆市民非常关注的重点项目,工程的施工质量和进度一直受到有关各方的高度重视。当时,其主桥及北引桥的主体结构已基本完成。由于隧道弃渣,南引桥P23号桥墩部分桩柱最大偏位近60cm,并产生了大量裂纹。对于该桥墩的处治存在不同的意见,笔者提出了处治方案,并最终得到了有关各方的认可,既避免了不越要的经济损失,同时也挽回了工期和社会影响。     

塌方段原位扩建四车道公路隧道“回填-台阶法”施工力学及安全分析

为了深入探究塌方段原位扩建四车道公路隧道施工力学及安全性的问题,以福州市马尾隧道原位扩建工程为背景,在准确确定塌方体空间范围及工程特性的基础上,针对性提出“回填-台阶法”施工技术,并对塌方段原位扩建四车道公路隧道“回填-台阶法”动态施工力学及安全性进行分析。研究结果表明：①运用理论分析、数值计算、多道瞬态瑞雷面波探测技术相结合的方法可准确地获得既有隧道塌方体的空间范围和尺度;②兼顾施工技术与工期双重目标,提出了塌方段原位扩建四车道公路隧道施工方案,即塌方冒顶区通过地表注浆与洞内中空玻璃纤维锚杆进行加固,扩建开挖采用“回填-台阶法”,实现快速施工;③“回填-台阶法”施工时,隧道上半断面（1^#部）的开挖是整个施工过程的关键,结构内力增长迅速;受隧道上方塌方体和既有隧道影响,最大正弯矩出现在左拱肩处;地表最大沉降量出现在隧道中线右侧3 m处,主要由上台阶开挖引起;围岩变形主要发生在3^#开挖前,4^#开挖时围岩变形基本收敛。马尾隧道施工过程中,地表沉降、围岩及支护体系变形、支护结构受力等监测结果均满足施工安全要求,验证了施工方案的可靠性和安全性,该研究成果可进一步丰富超大扁平断面隧道的修建技术,并为今后类似的工程提供一定的借鉴。     

Design and model test of a soft-connected lattice-structured floating solar photovoltaic concept for harsh offshore conditions

Various types of floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) devices have been previously proposed, designed and constructed with applications primarily limited to onshore water bodies or near-shore regions with benign environmental conditions. This paper proposes a novel FPV concept which can survive harsh environmental conditions with extreme wave heights above 10 m. This concept uses standardised lightweight semi-submersible floats made of circular materials as individual modules. The floating modules are soft connected with ropes to form an FPV array. We first present the conceptual design of the floats and the connection systems, including hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and structural assessments of the floats. To verify the motion response performance, we carried out 1:60 scaled model tests for a 2 by 3 array under regular and irregular wave conditions. From the time series and response spectra, the motion characteristics of the array and the mooring responses are analysed in detail. The proposed concept exhibits excellent performances in terms of modular motions with limited wave overtopping and no contact is observed between adjacent modules under the extreme wave conditions. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference to developing reliable and cost-effective FPV technologies for offshore conditions.