纯电动物流车用PMSM降开关损耗控制

物流车是城市内部运送货物的重要交通工具,具有运行距离短、启停频率高、运行时间长的特点.城市内部物流车都逐步采用纯电动物流车代替传统的燃油车.针对物流车运行特点,文章对电动物流车电机控制算法进行优化,在考虑不同工况下使用不同的开关频率,降低开关损耗,减少控制器发热.通过对降低开关损耗控制方法与传统控制方法在不同车辆运行工...     

太阳能光纤紧急电话系统

为了改善传统电缆型紧急电话存在的防雷效果差、话机工作点不稳定、话机故障高和需增加中继设备等缺陷,介绍了一种高速公路上新一代的紧急求救产品--太阳能光纤紧急电话系统.讨论了该系统的光路设计、电路设计和太阳能供电技术;给出了系统的软件构成.     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土直接拉伸性能的试验研究

重点研究聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土在单轴直接拉伸荷载下的力学性能和纤维混凝土的单轴拉伸应力变形全曲线。提出单轴拉伸相对应力裂缝宽度曲线的理论方程式。由单轴拉伸全曲线得到了纤维混凝土的应力裂缝宽度曲线、断裂能及特征长度等。试验发现:当纤维体积掺量为0 14%时,纤维混凝土的轴心抗拉强度比基准混凝土提高20%,极限拉伸应变提高49%,断裂能提高68%,临界断裂时的最大裂缝宽度增加55%。聚丙烯纤维具有良好的阻裂性能,增强了硬化混凝土的能量吸收能力。     

气动翼板抑制悬索桥颤振的物理机理

从能量的角度研究气动翼板控制悬索桥颤振的物理机理。基于弯扭二模态耦合颤振系统,分别推导了气流由主梁和一对气动翼板输入系统的能量以及结构阻尼耗散能量的表达式。以某跨海方案桥为例进行了研究,结果表明：气动翼板能有效耗散气流由主梁输入系统的能量,桥梁颤振临界风速提高达30％。     

单轴压缩下不同长度单裂隙岩体能量损伤演化机制

为探寻裂隙岩体变形破坏过程中内在的能量演化机制,基于岩石能量耗散理论和室内试验数据,研究了单轴压缩条件下单裂隙岩体变形破坏过程中各能量指标(总能量、弹性应变能及耗散能)演化规律,分析了裂隙长度变化对岩样力学特性、破坏模式、各能量指标及峰前能量突变幅度的影响规律.研究结果表明:裂隙岩体的峰值强度、峰值应变及弹性模量均随裂...     

结构-电磁激励下某电驱总成噪声控制

针对某电动汽车电驱总成的噪声问题,依据电驱总成车内噪声产生机理,进行整车状态声振特性测试,运用不同工况组合下的频谱特征和阶次特征等分析方法,识别出该电驱总成噪声问题为结构共振和电磁激励所致。针对结构共振问题,考虑电驱总成结构耦合特性、电机材料复杂多样性和线圈绕组质量,建立电驱总成有限元分析模型,求解出电驱总成的模态和振动响应,并通过敲击法模态试验得到模态参数进而对有限元模型进行验证,在此基础上以模态应变能为依据对电驱总成结构的局部刚度进行优化,提升结构共振频率,降低共振风险。针对电磁激励问题,以电驱总成中的永磁同步电机为研究对象,建立电磁仿真分析模型,以影响磁通密度的转子槽口的槽形、槽宽、槽深和槽间角度4个因素建立正交试验设计表,通过极差值得到各因素对齿槽转矩和输出转矩的影响水平,最后以降低齿槽转矩、加工工艺简单和对输出转矩影响小为目标,运用16组具有代表性的电磁方案,完成256个参数组合的寻优,并对优化方案进行了数值仿真计算。研究结果表明：优化方案的改善效果较显著;研究可为电动汽车车内噪声改善提供试验技术支持,并为电驱总成的结构共振噪声和电磁噪声控制提供方法参考。     

Modelling,simulation and applications of longitudinal train dynamics

ABSTRACT

Significant developments in longitudinal train simulation and an overview of the approaches to train models and modelling vehicle force inputs are firstly presented. The most important modelling task, that of the wagon connection, consisting of energy absorption devices such as draft gears and buffers, draw gear stiffness, coupler slack and structural stiffness is then presented. Detailed attention is given to the modelling approaches for friction wedge damped and polymer draft gears. A significant issue in longitudinal train dynamics is the modelling and calculation of the input forces – the co-dimensional problem. The need to push traction performances higher has led to research and improvement in the accuracy of traction modelling which is discussed. A co-simulation method that combines longitudinal train simulation, locomotive traction control and locomotive vehicle dynamics is presented. The modelling of other forces, braking propulsion resistance, curve drag and grade forces are also discussed. As extensions to conventional longitudinal train dynamics, lateral forces and coupler impacts are examined in regards to interaction with wagon lateral and vertical dynamics. Various applications of longitudinal train dynamics are then presented. As an alternative to the tradition single wagon mass approach to longitudinal train dynamics, an example incorporating fully detailed wagon dynamics is presented for a crash analysis problem. Further applications of starting traction, air braking, distributed power, energy analysis and tippler operation are also presented.     

船舶能效数据清洗方法研究

船舶能效数据清洗对于建立准确的船舶能效模型,提高船舶能效计算和分析的准确度,指导船舶节能航行具有重要意义.对船舶能效数据的故障特征进行了分析,运用阈值理论、船舶航行关联理论对故障数据进行了识别,运用插值法和灰色关联理论方法对水深、对水航速以及主机油耗数据中的异常数据进行修正,并且根据数据错误特征和数据清洗方法制定了船舶能效数据清洗流程,以内河邮轮"凯娅号"船舶上安装的船舶能效数据采集系统采集到的能效数据为研究对象,对数据清洗结果进行了分析.结果表明,水深数据修正值与实测值平均误差为1.58%,油耗数据、对水航速数据修正值与实测值平均误差为2.8%,1.5%,误差较小,能够满足后续建模以及数据挖掘等工作.     

A tyre slip-based integrated chassis control of front/rear traction distribution and four-wheel independent brake from moderate driving to limit handling

This paper presents a tyre slip-based integrated chassis control of front/rear traction distribution and four-wheel braking for enhanced performance from moderate driving to limit handling. The proposed algorithm adopted hierarchical structure: supervisor – desired motion tracking controller – optimisation-based control allocation. In the supervisor, by considering transient cornering characteristics, desired vehicle motion is calculated. In the desired motion tracking controller, in order to track desired vehicle motion, virtual control input is determined in the manner of sliding mode control. In the control allocation, virtual control input is allocated to minimise cost function. The cost function consists of two major parts. First part is a slip-based tyre friction utilisation quantification, which does not need a tyre force estimation. Second part is an allocation guideline, which guides optimally allocated inputs to predefined solution. The proposed algorithm has been investigated via simulation from moderate driving to limit handling scenario. Compared to Base and direct yaw moment control system, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce tyre dissipation energy in the moderate driving situation. Moreover, the proposed algorithm enhances limit handling performance compared to Base and direct yaw moment control system. In addition to comparison with Base and direct yaw moment control, comparison the proposed algorithm with the control algorithm based on the known tyre force information has been conducted. The results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is similar with that of the control algorithm with the known tyre force information.     

汽车吸能转向机构与驾驶员碰撞的仿真与试验

利用非线性有限元方法建立了可收缩吸能转向机构与驾驶员所组成碰撞系统的仿真模型，深入讨论了碰撞仿真模型初始条件与边界条件的处理方法、材料非线性本构关系的选择、接触对摩擦系数的确定。并按照GB11557规定的要求，对人体模块有限元模型进行了验证。分析计算了吸能转向机构与人体模块碰撞时上下套管间的收缩位移和作用在转向柱上的碰撞力，并通过相应的碰撞台架试验验证了仿真结果的正确性。