低噪声沥青混合料声学性能研究及配合比设计

低噪声沥青路面是降低城市交通噪音的主要手段之一.通过对沥青混凝土降噪模式的比较,确定采用声波的漫反射及相互干涉和弹性模式来设计低噪声路面.通过驻波法确定混合料组成的关键参数,根据这些参数确定的混合料配合比设计可以在城市道路及公路实际工程中应用.     

基于声发射技术的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

利用声发射信号的高频特性采集滚动轴承故障信息,运用小波分析把信号分解在不同频带,对信号进行重构,从而消除背景噪声,再应用Hilbert变换进行解调和细化频谱分析。实验结果证明,基于声发射信号的小波包络谱分析可有效地检测滚动轴承故障。     

加肋有限圆柱壳体的边界条件对其振动和声辐射的影响

采用结构有限元耦合流体边界元的附加质量附加阻尼算法,建立了加肋有限圆柱壳体的有限元模型,并采用该模型对十四种方案的水下振动和声辐射进行了分析,讨论了模型边界条件对其水下振动和声辐射的影响规律以及在采用舱段模型代替整艇模型进行噪声估算时中间舱段长度的选取原则。结果表明用一个舱段模拟整艇的动态特性容易造成低频整体模态振型的缺失,在舱段首阶弯曲振动的模态频率以上,采用舱段来预报整艇的表面振动和辐射声功率是可以接受的;当整艇艇长不超过中间舱段长度的两倍时,可以采用舱段模型代替整艇模型进行噪声估算。     

界面声波反射特性在船舶甲板装备噪声测试中的应用分析

针对船舶甲板大型装备噪声测试问题,根据声学原理论述了空气-液体、固体二类界面声波反射特性,当液体或固体横波声阻抗与空气声阻抗之比大于等于2000时,声波通过空气到液体或固体界面时,至少99.8%的声能量被反射。在此基础上,对船舶甲板大型装备噪声在陆地上与在船舶甲板上声场中声压级的差异进行了分析。     

Hilbert-Huang变换在声振信号检测钢管混凝土脱空中的应用

提出了基于Hilbert-Huang变换的钢管混凝土脱空检测方法,通过对瞬态冲击下脱空钢管的声振信号进行分析,提取出了瞬时幅值特征样本,采用改进的K均值聚类法对特征样本进行二类模式识别,从而对钢管混凝土的脱空进行判定,试验研究表明本方法的可行性。     

Research on geological structure inversion method with acoustic computed tomography and borehole data

This article firstly proposes two problems related to geological structure inversion with acoustic computed tomography (CT): ① the results surveyed are different from true stratum layers; ② the existing acoustic CT inversion methods are based on wave’s travel route and velocity analysis, which is short of comprehensive analysis of the revealed geological data. Then, it puts forward the method of applying the borehole data to revise acoustic CT investigation result through controlling the boundary velocity. This method comprehensively uses acoustic data and borehole data to invert the rock masses’ shear wave speed. Comparing to calculating the rock mass’ wave speed with acoustic data alone, it makes full use of the information, and the results obtained are closer to real stratum. Finally, it applies the method to engineering project and the results gotten with the method are more accurate, which shows the reliability and accuracy of the method.     

基于声发射技术的混凝土梁破坏损伤过程的试验研究

对不同特征混凝土简支梁进行了加载破坏的声发射试验,通过有限元计算确定荷载范围以及不同梁的加载应力与应变变化规律。试验加载过程中测试梁上控制点处的应变及声发射信号,通过应力变化及外观观察,记录梁的受力状态和裂纹产生的条件,通过分析试验全过程中的声发射信号能量时程图,得到简支梁破坏过程中的能量变化特征、频率分布范围及特点,以及不同特征简支梁破坏过程中声发射能量参数的变化规律。试验表明,声发射技术监测混凝土梁的状态及损伤破坏有一定的优势。     

Practical approach for travel time estimation from point traffic detector data

Accurate estimation of travel time is critical to the success of advanced traffic management systems and advanced traveler information systems. Travel time estimation also provides basic data support for travel time reliability research, which is being recognized as an important performance measure of the transportation system. This paper investigates a number of methods to address the three major issues associated with travel time estimation from point traffic detector data: data filling for missing or error data, speed transformation from time‐mean speed to space‐mean speed, and travel time estimation that converts the speeds recorded at detector locations to travel time along the highway segment. The case study results show that the spatial and temporal interpolation of missing data and the transformation to space‐mean speed improve the accuracy of the estimates of travel time. The results also indicate that the piecewise constant‐acceleration‐based method developed in this study and the average speed method produce better results than the other three methods proposed in previous studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

危岩落石轨迹及拦石构筑物稳定性分析

危岩落石为埃塞俄比亚铁路较常出现的地质灾害之一.由于当地条件限制,对于落石的防护措施主要采用硬块石土填筑的拦石堤进行防护.首先介绍了落石轨迹的计算方式,并依此计算埃塞俄比亚铁路实例中落石的轨迹,从而得到落石的冲击力,然后运用有限元分析软件Midas中的soilworks模块对拦石堤的稳定性进行计算.计算结果表明,所采用的拦石形式满足设计要求.     

基于耦合边界元法的水下目标低频声散射特性

基于耦合声学边界元理论对水下目标低频声散射特性进行仿真研究。为了验证此数值方法准确性,对水中弹性球壳在平面波入射下的反向散射特性进行数值计算。结果表明,散射声场的数值计算结果和解析解较好吻合。在此基础上,本文探究刚性BeTSSi-Sub[1]和弹性BeTSSi-Sub的全向散射特性,对比发现,刚性BeTSSi-Sub的目标强度大于弹性BeTSSi-Sub的目标强度。通过对形状不同弹性的BeTSSi-Sub的目标强度对比发现,在低频段潜艇上舵对潜艇目标强度的影响比上层建筑的影响大。