天津港某液体化工码头船舶污染影响模拟研究

本研究以潮流计算结果和风场资料分析结果为依据,采用溢油模型对海上溢油的扩散、漂移和岸线吸附等物化过程进行模拟,分析研究预测油膜的演变,预测油膜漂移轨迹和归宿.计算结果表明当南港港池口门位置处发生溢油事故后,油膜均会漂出南港口门外,在风的作用下会对周边环境一定范围内产生一定影响.     

基于轨迹数据的网约车排放时空特征分析

网约车逐渐成为城市中重要的交通方式之一,由于网约车出行特征与其他交通方式显著不同,其环境影响仍有待深入研究。为揭示网约车的排放特征,基于成都市网约车GPS轨迹数据,采用大数据分析方法得到网约车在各轨迹段的平均速度、行驶里程等参数,然后应用机动车排放模型COPERT实现对研究区域内网约车CO、HC、NO_x和CO₂排放的量化,并进一步分析其时空分布特征。结果显示：2016年11月18日成都市研究区域内网约车CO、NO_x、HC、CO₂的排放量分别为151,41.5,8.93,125497.6 kg;网约车排放的高峰时段发生在9:00-10:00、14:00-15:00和17:00-18:00;网约车高排放区域主要分布于二环高架路、二环路、蜀都大道附近,其中部分路段交叉口的排放最为突出;区域平均速度可显著影响该区域网约车平均排放因子。因此,政府相关部门可针对网约车高排放时段和地区,采取交通需求管理及车辆限速控制等治理手段,以减少中心城区的交通排放。研究成果可为网约车环境影响评估提供科学方法,为城市网约车管理...     

智能网联车环境下交叉口车流轨迹优化模型

在智能网联环境下,车辆可通过相互穿插和协作通过交叉口,无需信号灯控制.为保证车辆安全高效运行,建立车辆到达时序和速度协同优化的交叉口车流轨迹优化模型.提出车辆到达时序优化模型和车辆速度优化模型,建立车辆到达时刻与速度的函数关系;在此基础上,模型以所有车辆在控制区域的行程时间与油耗加权最小为目标,车辆路径、到达时刻和速度...     

Application of dual reciprocity boundary element method to predict acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers

In marine engine exhaust silencing systems, the presence of exhaust gas flow influences the sound propagation inside the systems and the acoustic attenuation performance of silencers. In order to investigate the effects of three-dimensional gas flow and acoustic damping on the acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers, a dual reciprocity boundary element method （DRBEM） was developed. The acoustic governing equation in three-dimensional potential flow was derived first, and then the DRBEM numerical procedure is given. Compared to the conventional boundary element method （CBEM）, the DRBEM considers the second order terms of flow Mach number in the acoustic governing equation, so it is suitable for the cases with higher Mach number subsonic flow. For complex exhaust silencers, it is difficult to apply the single-domain boundary element method, so a substructure approach based on the dual reciprocity boundary element method is presented. The experiments for measuring transmission loss of silencers are conducted, and the experimental setup and measurements are explained. The transmission loss of a single expansion chamber silencer with extended inlet and outlet were predicted by DRBEM and compared with the measurements. The good agreements between predictions and measurements are observed, which demonstrated that the derived acoustic governing equation and the DRBEM numerical procedure in the present study are correct.     

Simulating an underwater vehicle self-correcting guidance system with Simulink

Underwater vehicles have already adopted self-correcting directional guidance algorithms based on multi-beam self-guidance systems, not waiting for research to determine the most effective algorithms. The main challenges facing research on these guidance systems have been effective modeling of the guidance algorithm and a means to analyze the simulation results. A simulation structure based on Simulink that dealt with both issues was proposed. Initially, a mathematical model of relative motion between the vehicle and the target was developed, which was then encapsulated as a subsystem. Next, steps for constructing a model of the self-correcting guidance algorithm based on the Stateflow module were examined in detail. Finally, a 3-D model of the vehicle and target was created in VRML, and by processing mathematical results, the model was shown moving in a visual environment. This process gives more intuitive results for analyzing the simulation. The results showed that the simulation structure performs well. The simulation program heavily used modularization and encapsulation, so has broad applicability to simulations of other dynamic systems.     

具有预设性能的船舶轨迹跟踪动态面控制

为了提高船舶轨迹跟踪非线性控制系统的暂态性能和稳态性能,本文设计了一种具有预设性能的船舶动态面轨迹跟踪控制器。首先,根据船舶轨迹跟踪控制系统的特点设计了满足实际要求的预设性能约束函数,并把其等价为无约束函数方程。再次,在此基础上利用动态面技术设计了一种有预设性能的船舶轨迹跟踪控制器,动态面技术的引入解决了传统反步法的计算膨胀问题,具有计算量小、易于实际工程的实现等优点。最后,通过 Lyapunov 理论证明了,控制系统中的所有信号都是一致最终有界,且跟踪误差能够收敛到一个预设的区域内,同时保证其稳态误差、最大超调量和收敛速度均满足预先设定的性能要求。通过一艘供给船进行仿真研究,结果表明了所设计的控制器的有效性。     

基于状态空间采样的高速公路智能网联车辆轨迹动态规划

为实现智能网联车辆在高速公路动态行车环境下的轨迹实时规划，提出一种基于状态空间采样的轨迹动态规划方法。首先，以安全性为原则选取主车当前行驶的理想车道。基于Frenet坐标与笛卡尔坐标的转换关系，建立车辆运动横、纵向解耦的独立积分系统。将高速公路常见的行驶状态分为车道保持与定速巡航、变道以及前车跟随3类，预测主车行驶车道并针对3类行驶状态分别设计轨迹终端的目标配置方法。然后，利用多项式函数生成连接初始配置和目标配置的多条待选轨迹。构建考虑轨迹偏离理想车道程度、始末速度变化、规划周期和轨迹舒适性的综合损失函数，结合速度、加速度、曲率检查来评价各条待选轨迹的成本并进行排序。最后，预测车辆的横、纵向运动轨迹并构建一种胶囊形的车辆虚拟安全边界，通过碰撞检测，确定主车的最优轨迹，设置动态规划触发条件及时更新最优轨迹并避免过度规划浪费资源。研究结果表明：提出的算法能满足高速公路场景的动态规划需求；通过对轨迹规划周期、虚拟安全边界、动态规划时间间隔等关键参数的分析与优化，主车的横摆角速度范围稳定在-0.1~0.15 (°)·s^-1，横向加速度范围稳定在-0.16~0.32 m·s^-2，跟踪参考轨迹的最大误差不超过0.022 m，提出的算法能规划出具有高安全性、稳定性和舒适性的轨迹。     

The estimation of a time-dependent OD trip table with vehicle trajectory samples

Abstract

In this paper we discuss a dynamic origin–destination (OD) estimation problem that has been used for identifying time-dependent travel demand on a road network. Even though a dynamic OD table is an indispensable data input for executing a dynamic traffic assignment, it is difficult to construct using the conventional OD construction method such as the four-step model. For this reason, a direct estimation method based on field traffic data such as link traffic counts has been used. However, the method does not account for a logical relationship between a travel demand pattern and socioeconomic attributes. In addition, the OD estimation method cannot guarantee the reliability of estimated results since the OD estimation problem has a property named the ‘underdetermined problem.’ In order to overcome such a problem, the method developed in this paper makes use of vehicle trajectory samples with link traffic counts. The new method is applied to numerical examples and shows promising capability for identifying a temporal and spatial travel demand pattern.     

基于概率统计理论的滚石运动轨迹数值模拟

滚石作为边坡特别是高陡边坡的一种浅表部破坏方式,是严重的地质灾害之一。因其具有突发性高、随机性强,发生频繁和破坏形式复杂等特点,一直是边坡工程勘察治理中的重点和难点。结合四川省南江县杨树村危岩处治工程,运用滚石分析软件对滚石运动轨迹进行数值模拟,分析了危岩段潜在滚石的运行轨迹——最远运移距离和最大弹跳高度以及不同位置的冲击动能和运行速度,探讨了数值模拟在滚石处治设计中的应用。模拟计算结果为“滚石的运动路径已覆盖公路及附近的房屋,严重影响公路的正常运行和居民安全”。设置拦石墙和种植乔木进行滚石防护后,保障了     

提高平行式停车效率的泊位施划方法研究

为了提高平行式泊车效率、节能减排、规范停车秩序,本研究在现有路侧平行式停车泊位施划方法的基础上,建立了机动车＂一把轮＂平行式泊车轨迹的数学模型,并利用该数学模型及MATLAB软件对多种车型进行了平行式泊车过程的仿真,从而得到了停车区域、共用区域、引导线的位置和尺寸等参数,提出了新型平行式停车泊位施划的方法;设置了共用区域,缩短单个停车区域长度;并将理论计算的结果与实际相结合,进行了实车试验;本研究提出的路侧平行式停车泊位施划方法的优化方案,不仅可以节省停车场占地面积,还能降低驾驶员泊车难度,降低了能源消耗、减少了污染排放,并在一定程度上节省了泊车所需时间,使路侧平行式泊车更加方便高效.