A novel approach for the modelling of air quality dynamics in underground railway stations

Indoor air quality in subterranean train stations is a concern in many places around the globe. However, due to the specificity of each case, numerous parameters of the problem remain unknown, such as the braking discs particle emission rate, the ventilation rate of the station or the complete particle size distribution of the emitted particles. In this study the problem of modelling PM₁₀ concentration evolution in relation with train traffic is hence addressed with a particle-mass conservation model which parameters are fitted using a genetic algorithm. The parameters of the model allow to reproduce the dynamics and amplitude of four field data sets from the French and Swedish underground contexts and comply with realistic bounds in terms of emissions, deposition and ventilation rate.     

The potential mitigation of CO2 emissions via modal substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel from a life cycle perspective – An Australian case study

The objective of this study is to provide a strategic evaluation of the mitigation of CO₂ emissions via modal substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel on the Sydney–Melbourne, Australia city-pair from a life cycle perspective. It has been demonstrated that when considering CO₂ emissions from vehicle operations, the modal shift from air to high-speed rail on this city-pair has the potential to provide a means of CO₂ mitigation. However, uncertainty exists with regard to the level of mitigation potential when considering the whole-of-life performance of the systems. Given the significant difference in the infrastructure requirements between the air mode and the high-speed rail mode, this study quantifies the life cycle CO₂ load attributable to each system and examines the effect on CO₂ mitigation potential. The study concluded that while the inclusion of the linehaul infrastructure did increase the CO₂ load associated with high-speed rail mode, it did not equate to or exceed the CO₂ load per trip as experienced by the air mode. The avoided annual life cycle CO₂ emission in the target year 2056 was 0.37 Mt representing an 18% reduction when compared to the air mode only on the city pair. In fact, the scenario comparison indicated that the substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel on the city pair resulted in CO₂ emissions avoidance throughout the longitudinal period.     

基于神经网络的车用汽油机过渡工况空燃比辨识

以HL495Q电喷汽油机为研究对象,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的空燃比辨识方法,比较了不同拓扑结构的神经网络对空燃比辨识精度的影响,得到了一种最优的空燃比模型。试验结果表明,空燃比模型能高精度地逼近空燃比的实际动态过程,模型的平均相对误差小于2%。     

气压盘式制动器的性能因素探讨

以Knorr和Wabco公司的气压盘式制动器为研究对象,从气压盘式制动器的结构特点、制动间隙的调整、摩擦元件、与车桥的匹配等方面对其性能及影响因素进行探讨。     

车用汽油机波动控制进气增压系统的设计

阐述了车用高速汽油机波动增压进行系统的设计。在此基础上，对波动控制进气增压系统及其人控制电路，控制原理进行了介绍。发动机台架试验结果表明，采用流动控制进气增压系统，能有效地改善发动机的高速性能。     

工业增加值计算方法探讨

该文运用国家统计有关规定,详细地论述了工业增加值核算方法及运算中应注意的问题;并探讨了工业企业如何遵循统计核算制度,提出了进一步改革和完善计算企业工业增加值的计算方法。     

青岛地铁采用温湿度独立调节空调系统的必要性分析

从理论上分析了温湿度独立控制空调系统的优越性,结合青岛地区的气候及地铁空调负荷的特点,论证了青岛地铁采用温湿度独立控制空调系统的必要性。     

新拌混凝土气泡参数分析法评估混凝土抗冻性

通过对国内外资料分析,指出了新拌混凝土气泡参数分析法评估混凝土抗冻性技术是快速无损预控混凝土抗冻性的发展方向,对抗冻混凝土施工具有前瞻性的指导意义。     

谈船舶空气污染物产生和减排技术

随着全球化和贸易的快速增长,在货物运输中占有统治地位的船舶运输得到了空前的发展,船舶运力急剧增长,船舶空气污染物已成为严重的空气污染源之一,日益引起人们的高度重视。文中简要介绍了船舶空气污染物的产生、危害,主要介绍了氮氧化物、硫氧化物及颗粒物质的减排技术。     

船用锅炉蒸汽余热吸附式空调的试验研究

吸附空调系统船用的关键是其供冷量能否适应船舶空调舱室热负荷的变化。在实验室中建立了由锅炉低压蒸汽驱动的五吸附床,制冷系统使用氨-复合吸附剂。根据夏季典型空调工况下计算的热负荷,实验研究了制冷系统供冷量与空调负荷变化之间的适配性。结果表明:系统供冷量除受循环冷却水和蒸汽的流量、温度的影响外,还受吸附床加热和冷却时间的影响;必须通过优化吸附床结构、调整吸附床的吸脱附时间,才能使蒸汽驱动的吸附制冷系统实用化。