厦门莲花公路隧道火风压及其对气流组织的影响研究

利用ANSYS/FLOTRAN软件对南安（金陶）—厦门高速公路（厦门段）莲花公路隧道进行火灾温度场数值模拟,分析同一火灾规模在不同风速下,火灾时隧道内火风压特性及其对通风气流组织的影响,为厦门段莲花隧道和与其相似的大坡度公路隧道的消防预案和火区火风压研究提供参考依据。     

砂卵石地层气垫式泥水盾构的优化

为解决气垫式泥水盾构在砂卵石地层中存在卵石堆积泥水仓和气垫仓底部、造成碎石机频繁损坏和泥浆管路堵塞等问题,通过对底部堆积、堵塞管路、破碎机频繁损坏的原因进行分析,认为造成堆积和堵塞的原因主要是泥浆在气垫仓和泥水仓流速偏低,不能及时带走碴土,从而造成碎石机频繁损坏和仓底底部堵塞。通过对这些问题的研究讨论,提出通过增加底部、刀盘冲刷以及主机段泥浆循环的方案来解决底部堆积、堵塞管路的问题,同时改变碎石机的结构来解决其寿命短的问题。     

飞行冲突解脱与恢复几何模型及管制策略

已知两航空器的三维位置、速度及本机预计到达目标点时间,得出了满足几何最优和机动次数最少、解决飞行冲突并同时保证预计到达目标时间不变条件的多种冲突解脱与恢复模型.仿真计算验证了所得模型的有效性.该模型适用于机载设备及空中交通管制自动化系统.在此模型上经大量仿真,综合出了切保护区边界这极限情况并适合空中交通管制员调配的冲突解脱与恢复管制策略表.空中交通管制员只需考虑一定的安全裕量,这些策略即可应用于在实际管制中.     

不确定条件下机场群系统均衡配流模型研究

为探索客流在机场群的分布规律,以整个航空出行链为视角,综合考虑空中交通、地面交通和旅客出行选择偏好,构建机场群系统均衡配流模型.以路径时间、机场停留时间、出行票价和旅客类型为主要参考属性,提出机场群系统旅客出行成本模型.由于路径时间与流量相关且存在不确定性,基于预算超出时间对路径时间的均值与方差进行统一度量.综合路径时间、出行票价、机场停留时间与旅客类型,基于Logit模型建立旅客对航空出行路径的选择模型,将机场群系统的客流均衡条件转换为变分不等式.基于投影收缩算法对变分不等式求解,从而得出客流在机场群间的均衡分布状态.算例结果表明,机场群系统均衡配流模型有效建立了客流分布状态,调整路径时间、机场服务水平、票价等因素均可促进客流在机场群间的均衡分布.     

数值波浪水池与排水型高速船波浪增阻计算方法研究

基于CFD技术对三维数值波浪水池以及排水型高速船波浪增阻进行计算研究。采用在水池入口处模拟波浪速度的方法造波。水池尾部采用人工阻尼结合稀疏网格消波,自由面采用VOF方法处理,采用动网格技术结合运动控制程序模拟船舶的纵摇与升沉运动。对规则波中迎浪前进的Wigley III船模和Model 5b船模纵摇与升沉运动以及波浪增阻进行计算并与试验值进行比较、分析,为排水型高速船波浪增阻的计算提供参考。     

客车空气悬架结构件参数化设计系统研究

将产品级参数化设计方法和实例推理技术运用到客车空气悬架设计中,分析了并构建了空气悬架的产品级参数化模型。在UG平台上,建立了典型客车空气悬架实例库及其参数化模板,通过UG二次开发工具设计界面,在Visual C++环境中结合COM组件与Access 2007数据库技术,开发了客车空气悬架的结构件参数化设计系统。通过实例介绍了参数化设计过程,建立客车空气悬架的参数化模型,结果验证了该参数化设计系统的有效性。     

Regulation,trust and contractual incentives around transport contracts – Is there anything bus operators can learn from public air service contracts?

This paper compares recent experiences in contract negotiation and subsequent commitment in public air services with the bus industry. The heart of the paper is a survey of European and Australian regional airlines, which we mirror with revealed experiences of bus operators. We aim to identify a number of elements in the contracting regimes that have exposed ambiguity and significant gaps in what the principal (e.g., transport department) expected, and what the agent (airline or bus operator) believed they were obliged to deliver. Ultimately airline and bus services are similar in that public authorities procure transport services that are desirable for the society but would be unprofitable without government involvement. In both sectors (theoretically fairly similar) public transport contracts are used, and those usually include obligations and performance measurements. In terms of similarities, one of the surveyed contract details that had a perceived high clarity in both industries was “payment procedures” and amongst those with rather poor clarity was also in both industries “incentives to improve performance and grow patronage”. We also show differences between regional air services and bus operations with regard to performance measurement and pre-specified obligations. Because of the strong safety culture around air services we find that regulation and trusting partnerships are even more important to aviation than to the bus sector. Because of the high level of trust but also because of simpler and more complete contracts in aviation, there is much less (re-)negotiation going on compared to the bus operations.     

基于DEFORM的空压机曲轴圆角滚压过程仿真与分析

应用DEFORM软件对曲轴滚压模型进行滚压过程的数值模拟,研究在滚压过程中危险部位的滚压应力和残余情况,以及滚压参数(滚压圈数、滚压速度、滚轮半径等)对残余应力的影响;接着对曲轴模型进行疲劳强度分析,研究其在受载情况下轴颈部位的应力变化情况。研究表明:圆角滚压技术是提高曲轴疲劳强度最有效的方法,不仅可以降低曲轴表面粗糙度、提高硬度,还可以减少应力集中、降低成本、提高生产效率。     

High-speed rail's potential for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from short haul aviation: a longitudinal study of modal substitution from an energy generation and renewable energy perspective

Abstract

This paper quantifies and evaluates, utilising a ‘bottom-up’ approach, the effect on CO₂ emissions of a modal shift from short-haul air travel to high-speed rail (HSR), based on projected passenger movements, between Sydney and Melbourne, Australia during the period 2010–2030. To date, peer-reviewed studies assessing the CO₂ emissions from these competing modes of high-speed transportation have been restricted principally to a cross-sectional assessment, with a Eurocentric bias. This present comparative study seeks to address a gap in the literature by assessing, longitudinally, the CO₂ emissions associated with the proposed operation of HSR against the ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario between Sydney and Melbourne. Under the assumed 50/50 modal shift, and the Australian government's current renewable electricity target, an annual reduction in CO₂ emissions of approximately 14% could be achieved when compared with a ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario. This percentage reduction represents a 62 kt reduction in base year, 2010, and a 114 kt reduction in the final year, 2030. In total, the overall reduction achieved by such a modal shift, under the assumed conditions, during the period 2010–2030, equates to approximately 1.87 Mt of CO₂. Importantly, if the electrical energy supply for HSR operations was further ‘decarbonised’, then it follows that a greater emission reduction would be achieved.     

A time series analysis of the dynamic competition between major cargo airports

This paper models the dynamic competition between major cargo airports from the time series perspectives of long-term equilibriums and short-run dynamics. We first apply a unit root test to examine the stationarity of cargo throughput data. Airports are then analysed pairwise by region to test their equilibrium relationships through cointegration analysis. Meanwhile, we also utilise the error correction model to investigate the short-run impacts of cargo traffic between the airports. According to our findings, there are four positive long-term equilibriums, one positive short-run dynamic and three negative short-run dynamics in Asia. In addition, the airports in North America are found to have four positive long-term equilibriums, three negative long-run equilibriums, seven positive short-run impacts and three negative short-run impacts. As these dynamic relationships imply competition between cargo airports, our study can provide airport authorities with the reference to develop their long-term strategies and short-run operational plans.