原油管线在线等质量取样系统设计及实现

为了有效解决原油长输管线反复出现的原油途耗异常问题,通过对原油油种、工艺条件和原油输送方式等的分析,设计了等质量流量比例采样系统,由该系统实现原油管线在线自动取样。系统投用后,实现了实时对量,及时发现损耗异常情况,有效控制了原油途耗不稳定的问题。采用等质量流量比例采样模式,较好地解决了多油种、边收边付、多种输送方式以及流量范围宽等不利因素影响计量的问题,具有较好的参考和推广价值。     

MTMD to increase fatigue life for OWT jacket structures using Powell's method

The Powell's method was developed to determine the optimal stiffness and damping of multi-tuned mass dampers (MTMD) in offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures under fatigue loads. Numerical examples indicated that the Powell's method results are always better than those using MTMD formulations. With the exception of the blade passing (3P) frequency, it was found in this work that a positive integer (n) multiple of the 3P frequency will also result in a large wind-induced vibration, which can be excited by the frequency of the first structural vertical rotation mode and will cause significant fatigue damage. The first translation mode TMD installed at the tower top is efficient to increase fatigue life at the tower and brace connections, but it cannot reduce fatigue damage at the column and brace connections below the platform. The second translation mode TMD can reduce fatigue damage resulting from large wave loads and thus increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. The mode-3 TMD with a reduction in the 3(3P) vertical rotation can effectively increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. Thus, the appropriate use of these TMDs can be effective for the fatigue problem of OWT support structures.     

护坡结构在Mirsarai海岸防护工程中的应用

传统的混凝土或生态型护坡结构均不能兼顾海岸防护对结构防浪消能、耐久性、生态性的需求。针对孟加拉Mirsarai海岸防护工程特点,并经方案比选,采用混凝土块体与生态组合型护坡结构,对其技术质量重难点、典型施工问题、基槽镇脚棱体和坡面块体的防浪稳定性、生态护坡与结构排水进行分析。结果表明,基槽与坡面块体稳定质量满足防浪要求,能够有效抵御汛期海浪冲击;植被生态型护坡利用根系加固土层,控制土粒及下部材料冲刷流失,并兼具生态与景观作用。     

Vehicle mass as a determinant of fuel consumption and secondary safety performance

One interaction between environmental and safety goals in transport is found within the vehicle fleet where fuel economy and secondary safety performance of individual vehicles impose conflicting requirements on vehicle mass from an individual’s perspective. Fleet characteristics influence the relationship between the environmental and safety outcomes of the fleet; the topic of this paper. Cross-sectional analysis of mass within the British fleet is used to estimate the partial effects of mass on the fuel consumption and secondary safety performance of vehicles. The results confirmed that fuel consumption increases as mass increases and is different for different combinations of fuel and transmission types. Additionally, increasing vehicle mass generally decreases the risk of injury to the driver of a given vehicle in the event of a crash. However, this relationship depends on the characteristics of the vehicle fleet, and in particular, is affected by changes in mass distribution within the fleet. We confirm that there is generally a trade-off in vehicle design between fuel economy and secondary safety performance imposed by mass. Cross-comparison of makes and models by model-specific effects reveal cases where this trade-off exists in other aspects of design. Although it is shown that mass imposes a trade-off in vehicle design between safety and fuel use, this does not necessarily mean that it imposes a trade-off between safety and environmental goals in the vehicle fleet as a whole because the secondary safety performance of a vehicle depends on both its own mass and the mass of the other vehicles with which it collides.     

薄壁高墩大跨连续刚构桥地震时程反应参数研究

运用大质量法,建立并推导了长大跨度桥梁考虑行波效应的分析模型及解析方程。以内蒙古小沙湾黄河特大桥为工程背景,选取墩身刚度、地震波视波波速、地震波激励方向等主要参数,建立动力计算模型,对该桥上述各种参数工况下地震时程反应作了参数对比分析研究。利用分析结果,探讨了同类桥梁在各种参数变化情况下墩顶位移和墩底内力的变化规律。     

软岩浅埋隧道施工对地表及围岩变形的影响分析

浅埋隧道开挖对周围环境的影响值得关注，基于重庆武隆隧道穿越厂房基础引起地表变形的工程背景，简化为平面应变模型，采用两种不同的计算方法对隧道施工进行了数值模拟分析，目的是研究不同软岩隧道开挖方式对地表变形及围岩受力情况的影响。通过支护与不支护两种工况的对比计算，结果表明，对浅埋隧道实施强支护、短开挖，并加强关键部位的加固，可有效减小隧道开挖对周围环境造成的影响。     

山区GPS高程转换的探讨

 GPS高程转换的核心问题就是高程异常计算，本文指出了现有算法的不足，推导出更加完善的连续型积分计算公式。该公式在计算过程中无须人工干预，避免了人为误差的影响，并通过试验分析了山区、高山区不同参考面高程对高程异常计算值的影响。在高程拟合方面，对普通的高程拟合进行了改进，给出了一个附加参数的高程拟合模型，试验结果显示这个改进显著提高了高程拟合精度，更加适用于山区GPS高程转换，并把该理论模型用于现场GPS高程测量与实际高程比较。     

基于DEA/AHP方法的大运量快速交通方式选择决策

大运量快速交通系统建设对于合理利用城市经济资源、优化城市土地利用布局具有深远意义。但其交通方式的决策过程影响因素众多,传统的决策方法带有较大人为因素。运用数据包络分析(D EA)方法设计了3种大运量快速交通方式(Subw ay、LRT、B RT)的评价模型。针对指标过多的情况,运用层次分析法(A H P)对其进行了加权处理得到综合指标,以便于评价分析。并在D EA求解目标函数中引入相对决策重要因子,弥补了传统D EA方法完全依赖输入、输出指标数据,不能真正反映指标实际重要程度的缺陷。评价实例表明D EA/A H P综合评价方法对于大运量快速交通方式选择决策具有较好的适用性和可操作性。     

回填土区深层搅拌桩和高压旋喷桩复合地基的静承载性能

结合实际工程现场静载试验,采用有限元计算方法研究了桩长和桩土模量比对深层搅拌桩和高压旋喷桩复合地基在回填土中的桩体承载特性、荷载传递及复合地基变形特性的影响。结果表明,在回填土区,深层搅拌桩以桩体上部破坏为主,增加桩长不能有效地提高复合地基承载力,增加桩体强度尤其是上部桩体的强度则能够较大地提高复合地基承载力,高压旋喷桩可有效增强回填土地基的承载力。提出的桩体弹性模量取值范围可供设计参考。     

城市轨道交通网络化运营条件下车辆基地的资源共享要点

以《地铁设计规范》为依据,从车辆运用及维修角度,论述了城市轨道交通网络化运营条件下车辆基地的资源共享,包括车辆检修、段场共址建设、综合维修、物质供应和管理、技术培训、专用设备等方面的资源共享原则和注意事项。车辆基地资源共享不仅可满足车辆检修维保的功能需要,同时可有效避免或减少重复建设,节省工程投资,并提高资源利用效率,降低运营成本。