不同对称翼型H型风力机气动性能数值模拟研究

风轮是风力发电机利用风能的核心部件,而翼型作为风轮的关键零件,其结构参数的选择的不同会对风力机性能造成极大的影响。本文选取3种常用的H型垂直轴风力机NACA系列对称翼型的绕流流动,建立其湍流流场的模型,采用移动网格技术对其进行数值分析与计算,得出风轮的力矩系数、功率及风能利用率的变化规律,在此基础上,详细分析了不同的对称翼型对垂直轴风力机风轮气动性能的影响。根据其气动性能曲线,拟合出给定工况下,风能利用率随尖速比的变化公式,更好的实现定量分析。     

矮塔斜拉桥上部结构构件刚度敏感性研究

以某在建矮塔斜拉桥斜拉索索力、主梁和桥塔内力、结构位移和结构基频等为评价指标,对矮塔斜拉桥索塔、主梁及斜拉索三者的刚度敏感性进行对比分析,并计算了3个主要构件的敏感性因子,提出三者刚度设计的次序安排,为同类矮塔斜拉桥的设计过程提供理论参考和设计参数.     

混行非机动交通流车速离散特性研究

我国城市非机动道路内的交通现象通常为电动自行车与人力自行车混合行驶状况,车速离散是该类道路内交通流的重要特征。结合杭州市的调查数据,采用统计学方法定量分析混合非机动交通流车速离散特性,分别建立车速离散特性评价参数与各主要影响因素之间的回归关系。结果表明,归一化车速离散度分别与各影响因素成线性回归关系;除电动自行车比例因素之外,车速变异系数与其它各因素成线性回归关系。     

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1.Institute of Transportation Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,China； 2.Bureau of Lanzhou Urban Planning and Management, Lanzhou 730030,China     

城市轨道交通安防系统探讨及建议

中国城市轨道交通建设正大规模实施,按照轨道交通运营承载实体及轨道交通的客流特点,结合国内安全形势及维稳、反恐需要,轨道交通安全防范系统承担巨大的安防压力.简述国内轨道交通安全防范系统的现状,如系统建设各行其是、系统繁简不一、系统目标各有不同,就轨道交通安防系统建设发展变化及发展趋势进行探讨,建议形成较为完备的轨道交通安防系统建设规范及行业标准,成立统一的行业风险评估机构,扩大安防系统信息数据采集范围,强化安防系统功能.通过对国内轨道交通安防系统的探讨分析及建议,以期达成行业共识,并推动轨道交通安全防范系统的建设.     

旋转车轮对汽车外部复杂流场的影响

车轮影响着整个汽车的外流场特性,车体周围的流场由于旋转车轮的存在而复杂化。通过对带有车轮的汽车模型进行数值模拟计算．比较无车轮、静止车轮和旋转车轮的计算结果,得到旋转车轮对汽车的尾涡结构、气动阻力和气动升力有重要影响。车轮在汽车外部复杂流场的数值计算中不能被忽略。     

Experimental analysis of tyre-enveloping characteristics at low speed

In this study, experiments are conducted to investigate tyre-enveloping characteristics. Four different types of tyres are tested. Parameters such as different tyre inflation pressures, vertical loads and types of obstacles (cleats) are considered. In addition to vertical stiffnesses of all tyres, vertical and horizontal force variations while traversing different obstacles at low speed are studied. The effects of inflation pressure and vertical load on variations of force and moment are investigated. Static test results showed that after a certain vertical displacement, all curves in force–deflection diagrams plotted with and without cleat intersect regardless of cleat and tyre types, depending on the inflation pressure of the tyre, which can be called typical static tyre-enveloping characteristics. Test results at low speed show that there is a considerable influence of the vertical load on vertical and lateral force responses of a tyre.     

世界第一高钢桁梁斜拉桥动力特性试验研究

以跨径为720 m、桥面距地面516 m的世界第一高钢桁梁斜拉桥—北盘江大桥为例,采用有限元软件MIDAS/CIVIL2016建立有限元模型,进行大桥自振特性理论分析。介绍了钢桁架斜拉桥动力荷载试验方法和过程,对大桥的固有频率、动应变等实测参数与理论进行了对比。试验结果表明,大桥数值分析与实测数据吻合较好,实测整体刚度大于理论刚度,具有一定的安全储备,结构受力特性正常,可为同类钢桁梁斜拉桥检测评定提供参考。     

精密仪器中光电探测器件的特性与选用

在光电技术产业化过程中，光电器件的重要性日益显现。光电器件的种类很多，功能各异。如何掌握各种光电器件的特性及正确选用光电器件是光电技术实际应用中的关键。在对一个光电系统的性能指标进行评价时，系统所选用的光电器件的性能参数指标已经成为最重要的影响因素之一。本文介绍了常用光电器件的主要特性，对常用光电器件进行了对比。讨论了光电器件应用选择时的注意事项与技巧，并对选用光电器件的基本原则进行了总结。     

3D brush model to predict longitudinal tyre characteristics

A 3D tyre brush model, which aims to predict the longitudinal tyre characteristic under steady-state conditions by modelling the occurring physical effects in the tyre–road contact patch, is presented. The model includes an analytical method to describe the tyre footprint geometry, the pressure distribution, the slip due to the lateral tyre contour, the slip due to braking or traction and the longitudinal as well as the lateral shear stresses on a flattened tyre. The presented development tool offers a method to investigate different rubber friction data (caused by different tread compounds and/or surface textures) and to analyse its influence on longitudinal tyre characteristics. The tyre design is fixed (same casing, dimension and pattern). The results include the shear stresses as well as the different sliding velocities in the contact patch for different slip conditions. The model was developed for a standard summer pattern design and a standard tyre dimension (205/55R16). It can also be adapted to other tread designs and tyre dimensions. To offer a good comparability between model results and test bench measurements, the surface curvature of an internal test rig is considered.