某型机载电子设备无失效数据可靠性研究

针对寿命试验过程中未出现失效样本,传统的可靠性分析方法不适用于分析该类产品可靠性的情况,以某型机载电子设备的无失效数据可靠性分析为例,采用贝叶斯无失效数据可靠性评估方法,并综合考虑失效率上限分析其可靠性水平。该方法的预测结果与试验数据相符,在一定置信水平下具有较高的预测精度。     

H ∞ parameter identification and H 2 feedback control synthesizing for inflight aircraft icing

Aircraft icing accident happens frequently. Researchers try to find new ways to solve this problem. The study is facing the direction of intelligent inspection and control system. Previous studies focused on the principle of aircraft icing and its effects on flight performance. The onboard icing detection equipment can only give the qualitative icing information, but cannot effectively describe how serious the consequences would be. If the icing detection equipment fails, it will cause a serious threat to flight safety. This paper reviews the smart icing system and its fundamental principle. Then based on H∞ theory, an aircraft icing parameter identification method is introduced, and its feasibility is verified by simulation results. Moreover, this method can work normally under noise interference and measurement error. Icing parameter identification method can also test part of aircraft’s stability or control derivatives which would be changed obviously after aircraft icing. Classified by neural networks, the stability or control derivatives’ variation can be mapped to ice parameters’ variation that reflects the severity of aircraft icing. Then H2 state feedback control is designed originally to suppress the impact of noise interference, so aircraft can keep steady after it is iced. Seeing from simulation result of the whole system, it is clear that the system can effectively detect icing parameters and by using feedback control system, it can ensure the safety of aircraft in the flight envelope.     

Comparison of emerging ground propulsion systems for electrified aircraft taxi operations

Aviation is a mode with high fuel consumption per passenger mile and has significant environmental impacts. It is important to seek ways to reduce fuel consumption by the aviation sector, but it is difficult to improve fuel efficiency during the en-route cruise phase of flight because of technology barriers, safety requirements, and the mode of operations of air transportation. Recent efforts have emphasized the development of innovative Aircraft Ground Propulsion Systems (AGPS) for electrified aircraft taxi operations. These new technologies are expected to significantly reduce aircraft ground-movement-related fuel burn and emissions. This study compares various emerging AGPS systems and presents a comprehensive review on the merits and demerits of each system, followed with the local environmental impacts assessment of these systems. Using operational data for the 10 busiest U.S. airports, a comparison of environmental impacts is performed for four kinds of AGPS: conventional, single engine-on, external, and on-board systems. The results show that there are tradeoffs in fuel and emissions among these emerging technologies. On-board system shows the best performance in the emission reduction, while external system shows the least fuel burn. Compared to single-engine scenario, external AGPS shows the reduction of HC and CO emissions but the increase of NO_x emission. When a general indicator is considered, on-board AGPS shows the best potential of reducing local environmental impacts. The benefit-cost analysis shows that both external and on-board systems are worth being implemented and the on-board system appeals to be more beneficial.     

航母编队作战效能模糊灰色综合评价方法研究

为研究有效打击敌航母编队对策提供决策支持,本文针对单纯采用模糊评价或灰色评价方法都不能客观、准确地评价航母编队作战效能大小这一问题,利用灰色聚类理论得到指标灰色统计量,构造作战效能模糊隶属度矩阵,建立了一种灰色评价与模糊评价相结合的作战效能综合评价方法.该方法能充分利用专家评判信息的模糊性与灰性,使航母编队作战效能综合评价的结果更为客观、准确.     

洋山四期全自动集装箱码头设计创新

自动化码头在装卸作业的稳定高效、安全节能、绿色环保等方面具有显著优势,已成为我国实现港口转型升级发展的必由之路。但我国自动化港口建设起步晚,技术经验积累少,缺少相应的技术标准和规范指导。而洋山四期工程是我国首座拥有安全自主技术打造的当前全球单项规模最大、技术最先进的全自动化集装箱码头工程,其设计经验对于推动我国港口的技术进步具有重要的借鉴意义。对洋山四期工程自动化集装箱码头设计所涉及的平面、工艺、结构、控制、供电、给排水等多方面设计成果进行总结和梳理,为同类工程设计提供参考。     

美国航母飞行甲板演变及设计思想研究

飞行甲板是航母舰载机起降、调运、保障、布列最重要的作业场所,其设计工作在航母总体设计中占有重要地位,很大程度上决定了舰载机出动回收保障能力和航母综合作战效能.本文针对美国海军二战后至今研制的5型航母,分析其飞行甲板布局演变过程,梳理总结美国航母飞行甲板设计思想和启示.     

攻角对半穿甲战斗部侵彻航母双层靶板的效应研究

采用数值仿真方法,建立半穿甲战斗部对航母双层板侵彻效应的数值仿真计算模型,并计算战斗部以6种不同攻角侵彻目标的动态响应过程.结果表明,攻角对战斗部侵彻航母双层靶的能力有显著影响.随着初始攻角增加,战斗部的靶后余速下降,当初始攻角为20°和25°时,战斗部未能穿透航母的吊舱甲板.战斗部撞击吊舱甲板的攻角相对于初始攻角均有所增加,严重影响了战斗部对吊舱甲板的侵彻能力.战斗部对目标的侵彻破坏模式均属于延性扩孔和冲塞破坏模式.战斗部侵彻航母双层靶的过载较大且高过载持续时间长.当攻角大于10°时,战斗部在侵彻第1层靶板时,横向过载比较明显,导致战斗部结构出现不同程度的弯曲变形,这些因素给战斗部的结构完整性、装药稳定性和引信可靠性带来严峻挑战.该研究可用于指导半穿甲战斗部设计及其毁伤效应研究.     

隐身飞机目标探测方法研究

隐身飞机的出现使得现代战争的概念发生了深刻的变化,隐身飞机在多次局部战争中的成功使用使得反隐身技术成为当前的热门研究课题。隐身飞机的低可探测性使得普通雷达的探测效果大大削弱,但是这种先进技术也有一些难以克服的弱点,如何利用它的弱点发展相应的反隐身技术是我国现代化建设的艰巨任务。文章介绍了隐身飞机的特性和现状,并结合目前装备情况分析探讨了一些可采用的技术手段。     

Crossing the bridge: The effects of time-varying tolls on curbing congestion

This paper estimates the traffic volume and travel time effects of the road congestion pricing implemented on the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. I employ both difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity approaches to analyze previously unexploited data for the two years spanning the price change and obtain causal estimates of the hourly average treatment effects of the policy. I find evidence of peak spreading in traffic volume and decreases in travel time during peak hours. I also find suggestive evidence of substitution to a nearby bridge and decreases in travel time variability. In addition, I calculate own- and cross-price elasticities.