车载柔性虚拟仪表的显示与生成

从工效学研究需要出发,论述了基于3D引擎的虚拟仪表显示与生成方法及相关算法,讨论了虚拟仪表的数据驱动技术,最终实现了基于3D图形引擎的柔性车载虚拟仪表系统.该系统不但可以生成逼真的仪表外观,并且能够模拟多种真实车型的司机室仪表类型,从而可以根据实验需要灵活的对司机室仪表进行布局.     

停机区推出共用停止点设计优化

从停机区飞机推出共用停止点设计入手,采用减少航班推出时间的方法达到减少航班延误时间的目的。分析了飞机推出过程中存在的冲突问题,提出了在保证安全的前提下将停机位分组共享推出共用停止点,设计了使用推出共用停止点的规则。建立了推出共用停止点的数量与坐标的数学模型,设计了1种满足实际设计需要的层级递进搜索算法。通过算例验证了停机位分组推出共用停止点可以减少飞机推出时间。     

基于模糊约束的空中交通流量预测模型研究

鉴于传统流量预测模型存在预测精度差、耗时长、效率低的不足,将模糊约束引入空中交 通系统,用于表示人工智能领域中一些不确定的信息,构建了基于模糊约束的空中交通流量预测模型。通过分析影响模糊约束的决策向量、模糊参数向量及模糊约束集三个因素,提出预测模型 的构建流程,选取空中交通路线多转折点,并获取模糊矩阵,建立了空中交通流量预测模型。实验结果表明,对空中交通流量进行预测时,采用改进的预测模型相比传统预测模型的预测结果较 优、耗时较短、精度较高。     

基于可达性指标的航空货运网络布局优化研究

以网络可达性和利用率最大为目标,建立货机班次分配与货物运输路径选择的多目标双层优化模型,针对我国基于审批方式为各航线分配航班的实际情况,通过调整货机班次优化航空货运网络布局.以20个机场组成的航空货运网络为例,设计NSGAII算法求解模型.结果表明:北京、上海、广州、深圳之间的航段将获得1/4的货机班次,他们是航空货运的枢纽机场;当决策者偏好网络可达性时,更多货机班次将被分配到大型机场间的航段上,当决策者偏好网络利用率时,货机班次在航段上的分配较均匀;随着货机班次在航段上由集中趋向分散,网络可达性降低而利用率提高;减少货机班次会降低网络可达性,增加货机班次会降低网络的利用率.     

基于乘客超越行为建模的航空登机效率分析

依靠缩短登机时间提升登机效率是降低航空周转成本的重要手段之一。乘客登机时间由登机策略及个体行为等因素共同决定。在采用特定登机策略登机过程中，发生阻塞导致队列行进缓慢时，队列内的乘客可能采取超越行为提升自身行进速度，从而影响登机效率。针对乘客这种超越行为建立微观仿真模型，采用元胞自动机模拟不同登机策略下的乘客登机过程，比较超越行为对不同登机策略效率的影响程度，量化考虑乘客超越行为时登机乘客携带行李比例、登机放行间隔，以及客座率等情景下登机策略的效率。结果表明：在考虑超越行为后，原本不考虑超越行为时登机时间越长策略的登机时间缩减比例越高，乘客行走干扰延误的降低是登机时间缩减的主要原因。在乘客携带行李数量较多或乘客放行间隔较短的情景下，从靠窗到过道依次登机策略的效率优于倒金字塔式策略；在客座率70%的情景下，分4种次序从后到前登机的策略是按列次序登机的最佳策略。     

Assessment of carbon emission costs for air cargo transportation

This study presents a set of models that calculate carbon emissions in individual phases of flight during air cargo transportation, investigates resultant carbon footprints by aircraft type and flight route, and estimates increases in transportation costs for airlines due to carbon taxes imposed by the EU ETS. The estimated results provide useful references for airlines in aircraft assignment on different routes and in aircraft selection for new purchases. Validation of the model is conducted by simulating the potential impact of the implementation of the EU ETS on costs of air cargo transportation for six routes and six types of aircraft. Results show that the impact may be subject to various factors including unit carbon emissions per aircraft, aviation emission allowances per airline, and carbon trading prices; and that increases in costs of air cargo transportation range from 0% to 5.27% per aircraft per route. Therefore, the implementation of the EU ETS may encourage airlines to cut down their operating costs by reducing their carbon emissions, thereby ameliorating greenhouse gas pollution caused by air cargo transportation.     

Solving airlines disruption by considering aircraft and crew recovery simultaneously

When disruptions occur, the airlines have to recover from the disrupted schedule. The recovery usually consists of aircraft recovery, crew recovery and passengers’ recovery. This paper focuses on the integrated recovery, which means above-mentioned two or more recoveries are considered as a whole. Taking the minimization of the total cost of assignment, cancellation and delay as an objective, we present a more practical model, in which the maintenance and the union regulations are considered. Then we present a so-called iterative tree growing with node combination method. By aggregating nodes, the possibility of routings is greatly simplified, and the computation time is greatly decreased. By adjusting the consolidating range, the computation time can be controlled in a reasonable time. Finally, we use data from a main Chinese airline to test the algorithm. The experimental results show that this method could be used in the integrated recovery problem.     

基于边际效用的民机备件库存优化模型

为了最大限度地发挥民机备件的保障作用,使各种备件的库存水平最优,在综合考虑备件的技术性、经济性与可获取性的基础上,以备件缺货导致的民机平均维修等待时间为优化目标,以总航材供应成本为约束条件,建立了民机备件库存优化模型。在对备件单位成本的边际效用进行分析的基础上,采用启发式算法对模型进行求解,得到备件库存水平的优化方案。实例验证表明:在给定供应成本约束条件下,与仅依据各种备件保障率的计算结果相比,实际维修等待时间缩短了11.5%,库存备件资金降低了27.5%,因此,该模型是客观有效的,可节约库存成本,显著提高飞机的利用水平。     

船舶通信导航设备如如何取得外国船级社认证许可

为使在国外船级社注册的船舶顺利通过船级社的检验并获得许可证,提出有关船舶通信和导航设备检验中应注意的问题。