点燃式乙醇发动机的性能和排放的研究

根据乙醇燃料的理化特性对电控喷射点燃式汽油发动机进行了改进,研究了进气温度和点火正时对乙醇发动机性能和排放的影响。试验结果表明:需采用进气预热解决乙醇发动机冷起动;乙醇发动机的动力性与汽油机基本相当,比能耗比汽油机低5%以上,CO和HC排放改善30%以上。     

The visual effects of port redevelopment alternatives

Abstract

In the early 1970s, Seattle Piers 90/91 were declared surplus federal property by the GSA. These obsolescent half‐mile‐long piers and their adjacent uplands were purchased by the Port of Seattle for redevelopment. This urban waterfront site of almost 200 acres presents the Port of Seattle with a number of severe planning problems. While it is the last large deep‐water site on Elliott Bay, it is also in a very sensitive location, since it is overlooked on two sides by vocal residential communities with a history of active intervention in development projects on visual and other environmental grounds.

At Piers 90/91, public concerns over the visual effects of port redevelopment include:

1. nuisance effects of night‐operations lighting on adjacent hillside residences;

2. nighttime obstruction of distant views due to increased foreground illumination;

3. day and night view obstruction by tall structures such as container‐handling cranes;

4. alteration of the character of both day and nighttime views by new port facilities.

As part of a program to study the effects of alternative redevelopment strategies for Piers 90/91, the Port has undertaken a through examination of the visual effects of different uses, their visual appropriateness, and the ways by which adverse visual effects can be mitigated. The results were incorporated into an environmental impact statement which documented compliance with the Seattle Shoreline Master Program and with view protection and glare provisions of the City's S.E.P.A. guidelines.

A systematic Visual Resource Management (VRM) approach was successfully employed on this coastal zone project. Major elements included visibility mapping, key view selection, analysis of existing visual character, simulation of alternatives, assessment of relative visual compatibility, and determination of effective mitigation measures. Community involvement has also been a critical element in this approach to assessing and managing the visual effects of redevelopment in a major urban port.     

Hysteresis in travel demand

This paper presents evidence that there is a hysteresis effect in the demand for transport usage with respect to price. Consequently the neoclassical concept of a smooth continuous demand curve is questioned. The author presents a hysteresis model whereby changes in demand and of demand are embraced in a single theory related to generalized cost.     

一种管理用资产负债表和利润表的编制及应用

传统资产负债表和利润表对于非专业人员来说,解读起来有一定的困难。本文介绍一种新的报表编制方式,可以让报表使用者能很方便的从经营、投资和筹资三个方面对企业报表进行解读和分析。新报表非常适合非专业人员在企业管理过程中使用。     

纯电动汽车主动进气格栅策略开发及能耗贡献量研究

介绍了一套完整的主动进气格栅整车热管理控制策略平台架构和开发流程,基于多款纯电动汽车试验验证,充分利用大数据研究、理论分析、高低温环境舱试验匹配等手段,完成了对主动进气格栅整车热管理控制策略的正向开发,并结合纯电动车型热泵空调系统完成了整车能耗贡献量对比试验分析。研究表明,新开发的主动进气格栅整车热管理策略在常温、低温环境下均有较好的节能收益,高温环境下可及时响应整车热管理系统的散热需求,同时具备平台化应用的可行性。     

新型代用燃料天然气合成油的研究进展

综述了天然气合成油(GTL)作为柴油机代用燃料在燃料生产,雾化和燃烧,有害排放,燃料性质,环境潜力和经济成本等方面研究的国际进展;介绍了GTL能同时降低有害排放的试验研究情况;指出了GTL发动机研究目前存在的问题和今后的研究方向;最后分析了我国发展GTL的意义、途径和条件。     

车用替代燃料多目标优化研究

建立了基于生命周期影响评价的车用替代燃料多目标优化模型,以车用替代燃料生命周期影响总水平值为优化目标,并以木薯乙醇为例,对车用替代燃料进行了多目标优化。结果表明,多目标优化后木薯乙醇生命周期影响总水平值降低44.7%,建议木薯乙醇在汽油中的混合比例为95%,在乙醇生产过程中使用天然气燃料。     

择一定理及向量优化问题的Benson真有效性

在局部凸Hausdorff空间中,引入了近次似凸集值映射,建立了近次似凸集值映射下的择一定理.最后,获得了近次似凸集值映射向量优化问题标量下Benson真有效性的一个性质.     

试析我国收入差距

自1978年中国改革开放以来,人民的生活水平得到了很大提高。然而,在原有利益格局发生了迅速变化的同时,在个人之间、单位之间、行业之间、城乡之间、地区之间、不同所有制部门之间以及劳动收益与资本之间的收入差距和利益差距正在急剧扩大。这一变动直接导致了社会整合上的失序和社会价值观的冲突。本在分配差异,差异的成因和政策建议上作了详尽的探讨。     

高桩码头桩基方案的价值工程评价与优选

运用价值工程的评价方法对某港口工程7万吨级高桩梁板煤码头的桩基方案做了优选。文中对预应力混凝土方桩、钢管桩和PHC桩的功能评分和权重确定,考虑了耐久性、承载能力、施工难易以及码头结构的刚度等因素。采用这种方法进行方案优选,较全面、客观和具有可操作性。