大跨桥梁颤振分析理论研究进展

随着悬索桥跨径朝向2 000 m级发展，由大攻角和大振幅引起的结构非线性和气动力非线性影响突出，颤振设计面临着前所未有的挑战。传统的桥梁颤振计算理论及方法已无法满足大跨度及超大跨度桥梁的抗风设计需求，亟需发展桥梁非线性颤振计算理论与方法。在扼要回顾线性颤振理论研究成果的基础上，对近年国内外关于桥梁非线性颤振的研究进展及主要成果进行了总结，介绍了非线性自激气动力的研究成果和几种典型的非线性自激气动力模型，并根据桥梁断面气动力随振幅变化的非线性特性，重点介绍了2种不同类型的非线性耦合颤振计算方法，其有效性和准确性均通过风洞试验进行了验证。需要指出的是，气动力的振幅依存性是大跨度桥梁颤振后状态研究的关键所在，尤其是计入耦合效应的高次谐波气动力的振幅依存性。基于目前的研究进展，确定了三维和多模态非线性颤振计算方法，任意运动及紊流下非线性气动力建模和非线性颤抖振理论，以及如何科学制定"软颤振"的评价标准是未来需要重点开展的几项工作。     

Design and model test of a soft-connected lattice-structured floating solar photovoltaic concept for harsh offshore conditions

Various types of floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) devices have been previously proposed, designed and constructed with applications primarily limited to onshore water bodies or near-shore regions with benign environmental conditions. This paper proposes a novel FPV concept which can survive harsh environmental conditions with extreme wave heights above 10 m. This concept uses standardised lightweight semi-submersible floats made of circular materials as individual modules. The floating modules are soft connected with ropes to form an FPV array. We first present the conceptual design of the floats and the connection systems, including hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and structural assessments of the floats. To verify the motion response performance, we carried out 1:60 scaled model tests for a 2 by 3 array under regular and irregular wave conditions. From the time series and response spectra, the motion characteristics of the array and the mooring responses are analysed in detail. The proposed concept exhibits excellent performances in terms of modular motions with limited wave overtopping and no contact is observed between adjacent modules under the extreme wave conditions. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference to developing reliable and cost-effective FPV technologies for offshore conditions.