A method to measure the eco-efficiency of diesel locomotive

Brazilian railroads transport over 490 million tons a year using diesel-electric locomotives. These locomotives emit several pollutants into the atmosphere and because of that, the railroads seek to reduce emissions and achieve global emission standards. Thus, it is important to analyze the environmental impact of the use of diesel and alternative fuels to reach environmental standards. This paper makes use of a method based upon the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) metrics to evaluate the locomotives’ eco-efficiency. The method was applied to Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas (EFVM). Different scenarios representing the exchange of fuel sources and technologies were developed, tested and analyzed. The impacts were evaluated by seven eco-efficiency performance indicators and compared with United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. The results offered cost savings and emissions reduction opportunities.     

Prediction of the interaction between a simple moving vehicle and an infinite periodically supported rail – Green's functions approach

This paper herein describes the interaction between a simple moving vehicle and an infinite periodically supported rail, in order to signalise the basic features of the vehicle/track vibration behaviour in general, and wheel/rail vibration, in particular. The rail is modelled as an infinite Timoshenko beam resting on semi-sleepers via three-directional rail pads and ballast. The time-domain analysis was performed applying Green's matrix of the track method. This method allows taking into account the nonlinearities of the wheel/rail contact and the Doppler effect. The numerical analysis is dedicated to the wheel/rail response due to two types of excitation: the steady-state interaction and rail irregularities. The study points out to certain aspects regarding the parametric resonance, the amplitude-modulated vibration due to corrugation and the Doppler effect.     

浅谈企业科技档案在科技工作中的作用

在我国铁路现代化进程形势下,企业科技档案管理工作步入了新的发展阶段。介绍了铁路企业科技档案主要内容,分析了企业科技档案的功能,最后阐述了科技档案在企业科技工作中的作用。     

Continuous formulations and analytical properties of the link transmission model

The link transmission model (LTM) has great potential for simulating traffic flow in large-scale networks since it is much more efficient and accurate than the Cell Transmission Model (CTM). However, there lack general continuous formulations of LTM, and there has been no systematic study on its analytical properties such as stationary states and stability of network traffic flow. In this study we attempt to fill the gaps. First we apply the Hopf–Lax formula to derive Newell’s simplified kinematic wave model with given boundary cumulative flows and the triangular fundamental diagram. We then apply the Hopf–Lax formula to define link demand and supply functions, as well as link queue and vacancy functions, and present two continuous formulations of LTM, by incorporating boundary demands and supplies as well as invariant macroscopic junction models. With continuous LTM, we define and solve the stationary states in a road network. We also apply LTM to directly derive a Poincaré map to analyze the stability of stationary states in a diverge-merge network. Finally we present an example to show that LTM is not well-defined with non-invariant junction models. We can see that Newell’s model and continuous LTM complement each other and provide an alternative formulation of the network kinematic wave theory. This study paves the way for further extensions, analyses, and applications of LTM in the future.     

Simplified analysis for estimation of the behavior of a submerged floating tunnel in waves and experimental verification

To achieve rational design in waves for a submerged floating tunnel which has emerged as a new offshore transportation infrastructure, it's necessary to understand its hydrodynamic behavior. For simple but accurate estimation of hydrodynamic forces, a theoretical method is proposed and the tests with physical models in a wave flume were carried out for verification. Morison's equation was used to estimate wave loads composed of inertia force and drag force. Forces calculated by applying the linear wave theory to Morison's equation coincided well with those measured by the tests. The test results showed that mooring systems played a significant role in the movement of the submerged floating tunnel in waves. A pendulum model could be used to describe the motion of the submerged floating tunnel with a single vertical mooring. Based on the verified relations, a simple slack condition which causes the submerged floating tunnel to be unstable was also proposed. The simplified approach proposed by this study proved to be useful in designing the submerged floating tunnel in the initial stage.     

沿海开发战略下的南通外语教育生态发展研究

文章运用教育生态学原理以江苏沿海开发战略为背景，分析了南通外语教育生态发展存在的问题，并提出了相应的对策。该研究对促进南通外语教育的可持续发展具有一定的借鉴意义。     

郑和七下西洋与青花瓷釉料研究

文章研究了郑和七下西洋时期畅通"海上丝瓷之路"后,其从波斯带回的进口釉料"苏麻尼青"使得青花瓷更显鲜艳夺目,从而使明代青花瓷外销遂成亮点。     

波浪中母船干扰下潜水员梯的运动及水动力特性分析

潜水员梯是通过销轴连接在母船舷侧为潜水员执行潜水作业时上下船的平台,为保证在波浪中使用时的安全性,对其波浪作用力、运动响应及销轴处的动作用载荷设计有较高要求。为研究母船干扰下潜水员梯的动态响应特性,采用基于深水格林函数为积分内核的边界元方法,先计算母船及潜水梯这一整体的运动响应及其平均湿表面的辐射和绕射压力分布,依据刚体运动合成原理求解得到潜水梯重心处的运动。再以潜水员梯为研究对象,采用压力积分方法获得潜水员梯的波浪力作用,并将其运动、波浪力和销轴处的作用力联立构成动力学平衡方程,逆向求解出销轴处的动作用力。基于上述思路,系统研究了波长、航速及潜水员梯与母船相对位置变化时潜水员梯的运动、波浪作用力及销轴处作用力的变化规律,为潜水员梯的布置、销轴的选型及潜水作业时母船的操纵可提供指导意义。     

甘肃丝绸之路染缬新型文化业态发展研究

新型文化业态将数字文化与传统文化相结合,以实现多样化文化产品及服务形式为目的,是推动文化产业新形式和新内容开发的重要技术手段,对传统产业升级具有重要意义。本文以丝绸之路地域为文化研究背景,以传统染缬文化资源的新型业态发展内涵为研究对象,在深入分析丝路染缬发展新型文化业态的动因基础上,提出发展机制,从创新商品形式、培养创新人才、构建新兴业态、丰富传播媒介等方面全面实施染缬新型文化业态发展。     

公路隧道出入口平面线形一致性检验研究

由于地形、地物等条件的限制,项目选线中隧道洞口段位于回旋曲线上,考虑到洞口段行车的安全,规范对隧道出入口的平面线形一致性有专门的要求,但在实际操作过程中存在一定的困难和分歧。以JTG D20--2006公路路线设计规范中不设缓和曲线的圆曲线最小半径以及回旋曲线最小长度计算出的临界内移值P,提出了一个隧道出入口平面线形一致性检验的定量化判据,即行车道中心线上距洞口3s设计速度行程终点与驾驶员继续按设计时速行驶3s后的位置偏差△D≤临界内移值P,否则就认为不满足一致性要求。