河北北部山区通村公路土基回弹模量对路面设计的影响研究

通过对河北北部山区通村公路进行现场试验,由回归分析得到土基回弹模量与弯沉的关系式,并根据不同土基强度与不同标准轴载对路面厚度设计的影响,对土基强度进行分级,可作为路面设计的依据。     

全站仪在拱圈线形测量中的新方法

拱圈线形测量具有较强的工程意义,采用全站仪测量拱圈线形的传统方法能满足大多数情况下的需求,但是当拱桥两侧遮挡物较多时采用传统的方法效率较低,而采用全站仪测量拱圈线形的新方法来解决遮挡物较多的问题,经实践证明是可行的。     

Vertical random vibration analysis of vehicle–track coupled system using Green's function method

A vertical vehicle–track coupled dynamic model, consisting of a high-speed train on a continuously supported rail, is established in the frequency-domain. The solution is obtained efficiently by use of the Green's function method, which can determine the vibration response over a wide range of frequency without any limitations due to modal truncation. Moreover, real track irregularity spectra can be used conveniently as input. The effect of the flexibility of both track and car body on the entire vehicle–track coupled dynamic response is investigated. A multi-body model of a vehicle with either rigid or flexible car body is defined running on three kinds of track: a rigid rail, a track stiffness model and a Timoshenko beam model. The results show that neglecting the track flexibility leads to an overestimation of both the contact force and the whole vehicle vibration response. The car body flexibility affects the ride quality of the vehicle and the coupling through the track and can be significant in certain frequency ranges. Finally, the effect of railpad and ballast stiffness on the vehicle–track coupled vibration is analysed, indicating that the stiffness of the railpad has an influence on the system in a higher frequency range than the ballast.     

基于驾驶人特性的双车道跟驰模型稳定性分析

为了研究交通拥堵问题，了解交通拥挤形成的过程及驾驶员自身特性对双车道交通流稳定性的影响.本文基于复杂网络聚类同步理论，对一类基于驾驶员特性的双车道跟驰模型的稳定性进行研究. 通过设计适当的控制器使得基于驾驶人特性的双车道车辆跟驰模型趋于稳定，并得到了模型稳定性的条件.此外，在双车道上的车辆受到随机外部扰动的情形下，利用具有外部扰动的复杂网络自适应H∞ 聚类同步理论，研究了外部扰动情形下基于驾驶人特性的双车道车辆跟驰模型的稳定性.最后，采用MATLAB仿真技术进行数值模拟，验证所设计控制器对双车道交通流稳定性的影响及不同的驾驶员性格特性对交通流运行的影响.     

An assessment of the performance of the European long intermodal freight trains (LIFTS)

Intermodal rail/road freight transport has always been considered as a competitive alternative to its road freight counterpart in the European medium- to long-distance corridors (markets). Such consideration has been based on the increasing competitiveness of some innovative rail services and the existing and prospective performance of both modes in terms of the full social – internal or operational and external – costs. The most recent innovation of rail technologies and related services launched by some European railway companies, still at the conceptual level, is the Long Intermodal Freight Train (LIFT). This is supposed to be a block train operating in long-distance corridors (markets) with a substantial and regular freight demand.This paper develops analytical models for assessing the performance of the LIFTs, the already-operating Conventional Intermodal Freight Trains (CIFTs), and their road counterpart as well. The performance consists of the full – internal (private) and external – costs of the door-to-door delivery of loading units – containers, swap-bodies, and semi-trailers. The internal costs embrace the operational costs of the transport (rail and road) and intermodal terminal operators. The external costs include the costs of the impacts of door-to-door delivery of loading units on society and the environment. These negative externalities include noise, air pollution, traffic accidents, and congestion.The models are applied to a simplified version of intermodal and road transport system using inputs from the European freight transport sector. The aims are to compare the full costs of particular modalities in order to investigate the potential of the LIFTs as compared with the CIFTs in improving the internal efficiency of the rail freight sector and its competitiveness with respect to its road counterpart. In addition, the paper attempts to assess some effects on the potential modal shift of EU (European Union) transport policies on internalizing transport externalities.     

基于CPLD的0.01s计时器设计

本设计提出了一种基于CPLD的0.01S计时器的设计方案。应用高速集成电路以硬件描述语言VHDL语言描述,采用Altera公司的可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)EPM7064SL84实现的现代智能计时仪表,为广大用户提供了方便。系统具有可靠性高,便于功能扩展,成本低,易普及等优点。     

Modeling children’s school travel mode and parental escort decisions

Understanding of the activity-travel patterns of children is becoming increasingly important to various policy makers. Further, there is also a growing recognition that intra-household interactions need to be explicitly accommodated in travel models for realistic forecasts and policy evaluation. In the light of these issues, this paper contributes towards an overall understanding of the school-travel behavior of children and the related interdependencies among the travel patterns of parents and children. An econometric model is formulated to simultaneously determine the choice of mode and the escorting person for children’s travel to and from school. The 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey (BATS) data are used in the model estimation process. Empirical results indicate that the characteristics of child like age, gender, and ethnicity, and employment and work flexibility characteristics of the parents have strong impacts on the mode choice decisions. In addition, the impacts of some of these attributes on the choice of mode to school are different from the corresponding impacts on the choice of mode from school. The distance between home and school is found to strongly and negatively impact the choice of walking to and from school, with the impact being stronger for walking to school. Several land-use and built-environment variables were explored, but were found not to be statistically significant predictors.

试论武术中的艺术美

武术是中国运动项目的国粹,而以动作繁杂、姿态优美的套路,无论在技击还是表演等方面,无不含有艺术性,其中所包含的美更是给人以赏心悦目的理智情感,愉悦身心。本文利用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法从艺术美的基本特征出发,结合武术套路运动,通过对人体的动作性、动作的节奏性、体姿的意境性三个方面进行分析,以显示武术套路中艺术美的基本特征,让人以美的角度去欣赏武术套路,从而陶冶情操。     

《2006航运业薪酬福利水平报告》解读

对某舰的单臂尾轴架,采用军标规范中的经验公式对其横向一阶的频率进行了计算;采用有限元数值计算方法,用三维的体单元建立了单臂尾轴架的有限元模型,计算了其前十阶频率和振型;进行了现场的振动特性实验,测得了某舰单臂尾轴架的横向一阶和纵向一阶频率和振型。对所得到的三种结果进行比较研究表明:经验公式计算所得的结果同实验结果相差较大,有限元计算所得的结果同实验结果相差较小;对用于尾轴架振动计算的经验公式应进行进一步的研究;在尾轴架设计时可以采用有限元方法进行振动计算预报。     

如何把握和处理安检中碰到的几个问题

船舶安检是一项专业性很强的工作,如何准确把握和处理船舶缺陷,是安检员的一大难点。例举实际工作中出现的老旧船舶,应急发电机及处所,通风筒、空气管、门槛高度,船舶吨位丈量等问题,如何把握和处理进行了分析和探时,以便促进安检水平的提高。