泥石流两相冲击力及冲击时间计算方法

将泥石流体概化为两相流体,即具有相同粒径的固相颗粒和具有相同力学性质的液相浆体。基于泥石流体为沿流动方向的一维流假定,通过计算固、液分相流速和分相运动加速度,运用牛顿第二定律建立了液相浆体和固相颗粒的冲击力计算式,并据此构建了计算泥石流两相冲击力的综合表示式;运用泥石流在防治结构表面产生的冲击坑或在泥石流沟岸产生的冲蚀槽等冲击形迹,建立了泥石流冲击时间计算方法。通过工程实例分析显示,计算结果与实测结果吻合较好,相对误差在3%以内,满足实际工程要求。     

交通安全、交通效率与交通行为选择

从现存城市道路交通安全隐患的社会背景出发,指出出行者现代交通意识和交通行为选择的特别重要性,给出了现代交通意识与交通安全内涵的科学概括,分析了认识城市道路交通属性与现代交通意识的关系,举例说明了交通行为选择中的若干心理学问题,简要论述了交通伦理、交通法治在建立和谐社会、和谐交通中的重要意义。     

多年冻土地区路基不均匀融沉变形计算分析

针对多年冻土地区普遍存在的路基不均匀融沉变形现象,根据弹塑性固结理论,采用有限元方法对路基融沉变形进行计算分析,探讨了边界排水条件对路堤融沉变形以及路基表面水平位移的影响,并分析了地基融深和路堤高度对沉降的影响。研究结果表明,路基沉降随融深的增加而增加,排水状态的路基融沉变形比不排水的融沉变形大;路基融沉变形随路堤高度的增加而增加,路基是否排水对路基融沉变形和路基水平位移有显著影响。计算结果与实测值比较,所建立模型的理论计算值与实际观测结果基本一致,回归结果得出多年冻土地区路基融沉变形规律。     

列车振动荷载作用下明挖隧道施工过程中支护结构的动力响应分析

为了研究既有铁路沿线附近明挖隧道施工过程中支护结构的动力稳定性,结合FLAC3D软件分别采用列车静载和动载模型研究车致振动对周围自由场以及隧道基坑开挖施工的影响。主要结论如下:1)采用列车静载模型所得结果小于动载模型的结果;2)车致振动以竖向分量为主,振动幅度沿水平向衰减很快,在距既有线6 m范围内衰减剧烈,之后趋于稳定;3)沿竖向衰减较慢,在20 m深度范围内,沉降量基本与深度呈二次曲线关系,之后趋于稳定;4)在既有线列车荷载作用下,不同施工阶段基坑底部总体有反拱趋势,为5~8 mm;5)采用锚索支护体系可以明显减小基坑侧壁的内倾变形。研究表明,既有线的列车荷载作用在水平方向上对于拟开挖隧道无明显振动影响,在竖向上当采用围护桩和锚索支护体系后可确保明挖隧道施工过程的整体稳定性。     

基于边界元理论模型的舰船腐蚀相关电场衰减规律

基于边界元理论,建立了舰船与腐蚀相关的电场模型,初步研究了舰船腐蚀相关电场在深海环境中随水平距离及深度的衰减规律。结果表明,电场横向分量与垂直分量随纵向距离的衰减速率要大于纵向分量。随正横距离的增加,电场纵向分量与垂直分量的衰减速率逐渐减小,而横向分量为先增大,后逐渐减小。正横距离一定时,电场各分量随深度的增加,衰减速率逐渐减小。     

关于海事行政机关协助法院执行行为的解读

海事行政机关协助法院执行已是一项常态化的工作,由于缺乏明确而具体的规定,导致各海事行政机关在协助执行中的做法不一,且在与法院、当事人之间出现某些不协调、文章从分析协助执行行为性质入手,对海事行政机关协助执行的义务陆、协助执行行为的不可复议性或不可诉性,以及如何协助执行等方面进行了较为全面的解读,对进一步规范协助执行行为,防范协助执行中的执法风险具有较强的针对性生和参考性．     

船舶电站双机并联系统的新型控制器研究

基于离散滑模控制理论设计了船舶电站双机并联系统的稳定和有功分配控制器。分析了变速趋近律的运动机理并给出了一种改进算法,通过引入衰减系数以加快趋近速度。只要不确定因素有界,即可保证闭环系统的鲁棒稳定性。通过调整变速趋近律自身参数,可以避免抖振并使系统具有良好的动态品质。仿真结果表明了本文方法的有效性。     

Calibration of nonlinear car-following laws for traffic oscillation prediction

Frequency-domain analysis has been successfully used to (i) predict the amplification of traffic oscillations along a platoon of vehicles with nonlinear car-following laws and (ii) measure traffic oscillation properties (e.g., periodicity, magnitude) from field data. This paper proposes a new method to calibrate nonlinear car-following laws based on real-world vehicle trajectories, such that oscillation prediction (based on the calibrated car-following laws) and measurement from the same data can be compared and validated. This calibration method, for the first time, takes into account not only the driver’s car-following behavior but also the vehicle trajectory’s time-domain (e.g., location, speed) and frequency-domain properties (e.g., peak oscillation amplitude). We use Newell’s car-following model (1961) as an example and calibrate its parameters based on a penalty-based maximum likelihood estimation procedure. A series of experiments using Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) data are conducted to illustrate the applicability and performance of the proposed approach. Results show that the calibrated car-following models are able to simultaneously reproduce observed driver behavior, time-domain trajectories, and oscillation propagation along the platoon with reasonable accuracy.     

隐名代理制度新议——从两大法系对比中研究《合同法》402条之规定

论述隐名代理在大陆法系和普通法系中的不同的理论观点、法律规定,在此基础上探讨其不同的法理基础;阐述隐名代理的基本法律内涵;对我国隐名代理制度适用的问题进行了分析论证;探讨委托人直接介入权与第三人选择权在《合同法》402条中的行使条件、法律后果;并提出大胆借鉴普通法系隐名代理制度的同时,必须保持我国法系的完整。     

A universal distribution law of network detour ratios

Using trajectory data of normal taxis and ride-sourcing vehicles for 10 cities with various sizes in China, we analyze trip distance characteristics by examining the distribution of network detour ratios. The detour ratio for a specific ride is the ratio of the actual driving distance to the corresponding Euclidean (straight-line) distance. We find that, in spite of their different sizes and geographical features, the various cities exhibit an amazingly similar distribution law of network detour ratios: the mean of the detour ratios is inversely proportional to the Euclidean distance with an intercept. We further verify our findings with extensive simulation experiments for a hypothetical circular city with a directional grid street network. Our finding of this universal distribution law of network detour ratios contrasts sharply with the traditional wisdom of modeling throughout the past 50 years that have typically assumed a constant road detour ratio or factor within the range of 1.25–1.41. Our finding in the urban context also has far-reaching implications for fundamental research in many fields such as human mobility, human geography, facility location problems, logistic distribution networks and urban transportation planning.