山区桥梁基桩屈曲稳定分析及工程应用

在西部山区的高速公路或铁路中,桩柱式桥梁基桩应用非常广泛,受山区水文地质环境的限制,尚不能完全将现有的桩基屈曲研究成果应用于工程实际。首先,在现有研究的基础上,根据山区桩柱式桥梁基桩的承载特性,建立了基桩屈曲稳定分析的简化模型,导得了桩—土体系的总势能函数,并利用能量法对其进行求解,从而得到了山区桩柱式桥梁基桩屈曲稳定分析的临界荷载及稳定计算长度。其次,通过已有试验的算例分析,发现本文计算结果与试验结果以及文献计算结果均吻合较好,验证了本文计算方法的可靠性。最后,以某高速公路当中的桥梁基桩为例,对其稳定性进行了验算,结果表明,在桩柱顶竖向设计荷载作用下,基桩不会出现屈曲失稳,故该设计是合理的。     

How big data enriches maritime research – a critical review of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data applications

ABSTRACT

The information-rich vessel movement data provided by the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has gained much popularity over the past decade, during which the employment of satellite-based receivers has enabled wide coverage and improved data quality. The application of AIS data has developed from simply navigation-oriented research to now include trade flow estimation, emission accounting, and vessel performance monitoring. The AIS now provides high frequency, real-time positioning and sailing patterns for almost the whole world's commercial fleet, and therefore, in combination with supplementary databases and analyses, AIS data has arguably kickstarted the era of digitisation in the shipping industry. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature regarding AIS applications by dividing it into three development stages, namely, basic application, extended application, and advanced application. Each stage contains two to three application fields, and in total we identified seven application fields, including (1) AIS data mining, (2) navigation safety, (3) ship behaviour analysis, (4) environmental evaluation, (5) trade analysis, (6) ship and port performance, and (7) Arctic shipping. We found that the original application of AIS data to navigation safety has, with the improvement of data accessibility, evolved into diverse applications in various directions. Moreover, we summarised the major methodologies in the literature into four categories, these being (1) data processing and mining, (2) index measurement, (3) causality analysis, and (4) operational research. Undoubtedly, the applications of AIS data will be further expanded in the foreseeable future. This will not only provide a more comprehensive understanding of voyage performance and allow researchers to examine shipping market dynamics from the micro level, but also the abundance of AIS data may also open up the rather opaque aspect of how shipping companies release information to external authorities, including the International Maritime Organization, port states, scientists and researchers. It is expected that more multi-disciplinary AIS studies will emerge in the coming years. We believe that this study will shed further light on the future development of AIS studies.     

Deciding whether and how to improve statewide travel demand models based on transportation planning application needs

Many states in the USA have developed statewide travel demand models for transportation planning at the state level and along intercity corridors. Travel demand models at mega-region and provincial levels are also widely used in Europe and Asia. With modern transportation planning applications requiring enhanced model capabilities, many states are considering improving their four-step statewide demand models. This paper synthesizes representative statewide models developed with traditional four-step, advanced four-step, and integrated micro-simulation methods. The focus of this synthesis study is as much on model applications and data requirements as on modeling methods. An incremental model improvement approach toward advanced statewide models is recommended. Review findings also suggest model improvement activities should be justified by planning application needs. For statewide model improvement plans to be successful and financially sustainable, the return on model improvement investment needs to be demonstrated by timely applications that rely on improved model capabilities.     

货油加热系统节能减排的探讨与应用

通过对油船货油加热系统的优化设计与选型,改进建造施工工艺,采用先进的操作与管理方法,提高加热系统的热效率,降低能源的消耗率,减少COx、NOx物及废热的排放,降低营运成本,最终实现节能增效,减少空气污染的目的。     

浅谈编组站综合自动化（SAM）系统的建设与应用

新丰镇车站目前是全路12个路网性编组站之一,在中国铁路网中起着非常重要的作用。为了适应车站的发展和作用的极大发挥,于2007年开始设计开发了新一代编组站自动化（SAM）系统。该系统充分发挥先进设备优势,使信息系统和运输生产相辅相成,使车站的运能得到了充分的体现,共建铁路信息新时代。     

液压爬模技术在桐梓河特大桥施工中的应用

随着高速公路建设的快速推进,桥梁高墩越来越多,爬模施工桥梁高墩技术得到较为广泛应用。结合工程实践,分析爬模施工桥梁高墩技术的原理,论述其施工工艺和方法,对工程实践具有指导作用。     

桥壳后盖焊接专机电气系统改造

介绍原引进日本亚進机械工业株式会社生产的后盖焊专机存在的问题,改造的必要性,三菱Q06系列PLC应用、特点、参数设置及程序编辑改造过程,从设备角度和改善焊接条件实现新工艺解决后盖焊缝开裂漏油问题,用两套机械手自动上下工件实现高度自动化,提高设备稳定性,改造后使用效果。     

考虑手机召车软件的城市出租车网络均衡研究

为了衡量手机召车软件对出租车市场的影响,本文研究了私家车、常规公交、 出租车相互作用的城市路网中出租车的网络均衡问题.将出租车分为使用手机召车软件 的网约车及不使用手机召车软件的巡游车,分析这两种模式在乘客等待时间与空驶出租 车选择概率差异的基础上,量化各交通方式的出行费用.在Wardrop 均衡情况下采用等价 的变分不等式来描述组合网络均衡模型,设计了相应的启发式算法.算例结果表明,手机 召车软件能有效刺激出租车乘客需求,但随着出租车规模增大,网约车所占比例降低并 趋于稳定,其时间空驶率略低于巡游式出租车,手机召车软件对出租车市场的边际效益 递减.     

基本放大器频率特性的计算机辅助分析

本文采用计算机辅助分析的方法,分析了放大器各参数对上、下限截止频率的不同影响,以及它们之间的数量关系,并能用计算机绘制出博德图.     

舰载无人机未来作战应用指挥体系分析

无人机将发展成为与水面舰艇更为紧密结合的高效率作战系统,并成为水面舰艇的标准装备。文章首先讨论舰载无人机未来的具体部署方式,然后着重对未来信息化战争中舰载无人机的指挥方式、指挥体系分析进行深入分析,可对未来舰载无人机的作战应用提供一定参考。