Hybrid analytic-FEM approach for dynamic response analysis of air-cushion vehicle skirts

Focused on the assessment method for dynamic behavior of the skirts of an air cushion vehicle (ACV), this paper proposes a hybrid analytic-FEM approach, within which the self-developed subroutine considers the transient skirt-water contacting force through suggested semi-analytical formula based on the empirical results from CFD simulations of the equivalent flat-plate model. The dynamic explicit algorithm of FEM is adopted to solve the large deformation problem of flexible skirts. The validity of the approach has been confirmed by comparing with previous numerical results as well as published experimental results of steady seal deformation tests at University of Michigan. Afterward, more simulations for demonstration cases are carried out to study the complex dynamic response of the skirts under different skirt-water contacting conditions. The proposed method can obtain more reliable results than traditional analytical method and be more efficient than fluid-structure interaction simulations, thus providing a practical balanced approach aiming at the dynamic response analysis for whole skirts and contributing to the skirts dynamics performance assessment of an ACV.     

Papahānaumokuākea: Integrating Culture in the Design and Management of one of the World's Largest Marine Protected Areas

Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument is one of the world's largest marine protected areas and was designated the first mixed conservation site in the United States due to its natural and cultural importance. It is also the world's first cultural seascape, being recognized for its continuing connections to indigenous people. As the westernmost place in the Hawaiian universe, many believe these islands and seas are the pathway that Native Hawaiians travel after death, returning to pō (night; realm of the gods). This intimate kinship has profound implications for contemporary management. Current management emphasizes integration of science, policy, cultural knowledge, traditions, and practices to create successful management strategies appropriate for both natural and cultural resources. This management is based on Native Hawaiian values and practices that incorporate observation and understanding of the natural world, indigenous principles and philosophies, cultural norms, community relationships, and unique epistemologies deeply imbedded in and formed by relationships of people with place. A cornerstone of this effort has been the direct involvement of cultural practitioners in policy, management, education, and research. This biocultural approach has led to more effective management of the monument and serves as a model for conservation around the world.     

中英钻爆法铁路隧道设计方法比较研究

针对钻爆法铁路隧道围岩分级、初期支护及二次衬砌设计方法等内容,对比分析了中英两国在隧道设计方法和理念方面的差异。对比分析表明,英国隧道设计基于巴顿的Q系统,该系统用表征岩体的RQD值,节理组数、粗糙度系数、地下水折减系数、蚀变系数及地应力折减系数来反映围岩整体力学性质,英国铁路隧道初期支护采用经验设计法,根据Q图谱进行预设计,采用有限元程序进行检算。二次衬砌采用极限状态理论进行设计,衬砌承受围岩压力的标准值由巴顿公式计算得出,二次衬砌设计时不考虑初期支护的作用。中国铁路隧道初期支护多采用类比法进行设计,并采用有限元法进行校核,二次衬砌普遍按破损阶段法设计,围岩压力根据统计回归公式计算,采用安全系数K控制结构安全性。相比而言,英国隧道设计方法和理念与围岩参数联系较为紧密和直观,而中国隧道设计方法基于定性与定量结合的围岩分级标准,两者差异明显。     

西津水利枢纽二线船闸下引航道布置方案对比

西津水利枢纽二线船闸工程对发展西江航运和流域经济具有重要作用。为研究二线船闸布置方案与原一线船闸布置的相互影响,采用水工模型试验研究二线船闸下引航道两类不同布置方案下的水流条件,通过分别测定一、二线船闸下引航道口门区纵、横向及回流流速三项指标,并进行对比分析得知:一、二线船闸下引航道口门区采用共用布置方案时,在中洪水流量情况下,口门区内横向及回流流速难以满足规范要求;当采用下引航道口门区分开布置形式时,二线船闸下引航道口门区多项流速在各级通航流量下基本满足规范要求。     

瓦村枢纽下游引航道通航水流条件试验研究

为保证船闸口门区有利于通航的良好水流条件,采用整体定床物理模型对瓦村枢纽船闸下引航道及口门区通航水流条件进行研究。试验结果表明:受电站下泄尾水扩散及尾水渠出口右岸边坡挑流的影响,下引航道口门区水流流态较差,纵横向流速明显超标,不满足船舶安全航行要求。探讨了延长导航墙长度、扩挖尾水出口右岸边坡、增设隔流墩等措施对水流条件的影响,经模型方案比选及优化,确定了下引航道布置推荐方案,较好地解决了口门区横流较大的问题,使下引航道及口门区的水流条件满足船舶安全通航要求。     

基于分枝定界法的环肋圆柱壳优化研究

基于分枝定界方法,研究了环肋圆柱壳静水压力作用下,考虑强度和稳定性约束时重量最轻的混合变量优化设计问题,讨论了强度约束和稳定性约束以及材料、几何参数对优化结果的影响.该方法能够有效求解环肋圆柱壳的混合优化问题,计算量小,精度高;环肋圆柱壳经优化后,壳板的重量比例大约是70%,肋骨重量占30%.并且随壳体的长径比(L/R)变化不大.环肋圆柱壳的优化中,肋骨的应力约束是主要约束,肋骨应力已经非常接近许用应力标准,其他应力、局部和总体失稳压力还有一定的储备.     

ZYJ7型电动液压转辙机控制电路故障判断与处理

根据ZYJ7型电动液压转辙机启动、表示电路原理,结合日常处理故障经验,从室内到室外阐述了判断ZYJ7型电动液压转辙机启动电路、表示电路各种故障方法,为我们日常处理ZYJ7型电动液压转辙机启动电路、表示电路故障提供了准确、快捷的处理方法。     

船闸引航道水力与停泊条件的分析

随着船闸水头提高,闸室尺度加大,阀门快速启闭,输水流量大,引航道的水力条件成为控制因素。因此,根据规范要求,采用计算分析、对比和论证的方法,根据船闸水头、尺度及运输条件,计算分析闸室与引航道停泊条件的差异,相同航道等级不同闸室尺度引航道停泊条件等。结果表明:随着船闸水头提高与闸室尺度的加大,应重视引航道的水力条件;引航道断面设计不只与船型尺度有关,应与输水流量联系起来;当引航道船舶(队)不满足停泊条件时,有一系列改善措施,可供选择应用。     

温州石化基地30万吨级航道选线研究

采用水动力泥沙条件分析、冲淤演变分析、航道轴线平均水深与开挖深度统计、基建工程量计算、二维潮流数学模型计算、航道年淤积强度与淤积量计算、航道骤淤计算、三维潮流数学模型计算、通航安全分析等多种手段对温州石化基地30万吨级航道多条轴线方案进行了比选研究。根据航道轴线自然淤积厚度、航道天然平均水深、航道平均开挖深度、航道首次开挖量、航道长度，大潮最大流速与航道轴线交角、最大横流速度、航道年平均淤积强度、航道年淤积量、航道平均骤淤强度、航道段最大骤淤强度及通航安全（航道拐点、附近有无岛礁）等多项指标对航道轴线方案进行了选择。研究结果认为与涨落潮流方向基本一致的直线方案为最佳航道轴线方案。     

安全水平法在SOLAS 救生艇结构强度衡准制定中的应用

本文将安全水平法应用于SOLAS第III章救生艇结构强度衡准的制定。主要采用综合安全评估对救生艇结构强度相关的功能性要求进行衡准的初步制定,从而得出需要的安全水平。基于强度衡准理论分析、实艇试验和事故数据分析相结合的方式评估了现有救生艇结构强度的安全水平,对衡准的合理性提出修改的建议。研究结果为安全水平法在船舶技术标准制定和安全水平评估方面的应用提供了实际案例和使用建议。