Reduction of skin friction by microbubbles and its relation with near-wall bubble concentration in a channel

Determination of the flow structure near the wall is essential for a clear insight into the phenomenon of skin friction reduction by microbubbles in a turbulent boundary layer. An important parameter, is the bubble concentration or void fraction in the wall region in drag-reducing conditions. The purpose of this paper is to show drag-reducing effects due to microbubbles in a water channel and, more importantly, to show the dependence of the drag-reduction values on the near-wall void fraction. A two-dimensional channel with an aspect ratio of 10 was specially built for this purpose with provisions for air injection through porous plates. Skin friction was directly measured by a miniature floating element transducer with a 5-mm circular sensing disk mounted flush on the top wall 67 channel-heights downstream of the injector. The wall friction in the presence of air bubbles was found to be reduced under the same bulk velocity when compared with the value without air. Detailed void fraction profiles across the channel were obtained by a sampling probe and a fiber-optic probe. Better collapse of the drag reduction data, independent of different profile shapes, was found when plotted against the near-wall void fraction than against a cross-sectional mean void fraction. While this dependence reconfirms that the phenomena are essentially inner-region dependent, the lack of influence of the bubble distribution patterns away from the wall implies lack of outer region influence.     

水位下降对三江下航道影响及治理措施

通过对葛洲坝建坝后宜昌站的水文条件和三江下引航道泥沙冲淤变化分析,得出宜昌水位下降和设计流量下三江现有通航水深及通航能力,对潜坝的局部损失系数、壅水特性、潜坝间距及个数对水位、流速的影响等方面进行了研究,首次提出了计算潜坝群壅水的不同方法,并对整治效果进行了计算。     

The reconstruction of transportation and environmental infrastructure in rural areas

On March 11, 2011 a massive, magnitude 9.0 earthquake destroyed most of the rural areas along the Pacific Coast of eastern Japan, an area that had been facing issues of depopulation and aging even before the earthquake. In this paper I discuss reconstruction plans for depopulated rural areas from the perspectives of transportation infrastructure, residential areas, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, consensus building, and nature restoration. We must take a “backcasting” approach to sustainable development, one in which planning strategies lead to successful outcomes. An organizational and planning support platform is needed to build a consensus within an area.     

三跨钢-混混合连续梁桥结合段传力性能研究

G318国道长桥大桥主桥为三跨钢—混混合连续梁航道桥,该桥钢—混结合段在预应力混凝土箱梁侧预埋钢接头与钢箱梁焊接.为研究该桥钢—混结合段传力性能,采用有限元软件MIDAS FEA建立钢—混结合段有限元模型,对结合面钢箱梁侧腹板、结合部分混凝土及预埋钢板顶底面、钢接头部位进行应力分析.分析结果表明:该桥钢—混结合面钢箱梁侧腹板处于较好的工作状态;钢—混结合部分传力性能良好;钢—混结合部分传力机理为当弯矩荷载传递到钢垫板时,荷载主要由预埋钢接头的上、下缘承担,然后荷载通过钢板传递到混凝土,钢接头中的PBL开孔板及钢横隔板传力作用不明显.     

某型汽油机进气道流动数值分析

为了得到某型汽油机进气道的流量系数和滚流比,验证模拟计算与试验测量的准确度,文章利用AVL-FIRE软件对某汽油机进气道的气流运动进行CFD分析,并将模拟计算值与试验测量值进行比较。通过模拟计算,得到了各模拟工况下的流量系数和滚流比。结果表明:该汽油机最大气门升程时进气道的流量系数在0.6左右。进气道内部形成了较明显的滚流。模拟计算可以较好地预测试验测量结果,可以用来指导进气道设计。     

基于模糊层次分析法的天津港复式航道通航安全综合评价

通过构建天津港复式航道通航安全综合评价指标体系,建立复式航道通航安全评价模型,利用模糊层次分析法对天津港复式航道进行通航安全综合评价,为天津港港口营运与管理、海事监管与通航秩序维护提供理论支撑。     

谈宁波－舟山港虾峙门外深水航槽的使用

文中通过深水航槽的介绍,使读者了解深水航槽的成因、构成、使用注意事项和相关建议。     

长河段航道整治的数值模型与地形可视化

在正交贴体坐标系下建立长河段的二维水流数学模型,并详细阐述模型的主要方程、给定的边界条件、动边界的处理技术和数值计算方法等.根据广西右江那吉—鱼梁河段的实测资料,验证该模型的合理性和适用性,探讨关于长河段航道治理的相关问题,并采用Matlable可视化技术对河道地形进行演示.     

浅析石门湖航道工程整治建设

基于石门湖航道对安庆水运发展的重要作用,从石门湖航道的现状出发,阐述了石门湖航道整治的必要性和整治措施,以及开发石门湖航道需解决的问题。呼吁加快石门湖航道整治建设的步伐。     

长江口深水航道整治工程影响数值研究*

长江口深水航道整治工程使得南港北槽开通12.5 m水深航道,长江口河势及不同汊道动力条件随深水航道整治工程的完工发生了一系列的变化。利用长江口深水航道整治工程实施前后地形资料,分析出工程对长江口各汊道的地形变化的影响,同时应用上海河口海岸科学研究中心自主开发的平面二维模型模型计算了长江口流场变化,给出南北港、南北潮涨落潮分流比的变化,并分析了导致这种变化的主要原因。