支持向量机和遗传算法组合策略的VLCC船中结构优化设计(英文)

In this paper a hybrid process of modeling and optimization,which integrates a support vector machine(SVM) and genetic algorithm(GA),was introduced to reduce the high time cost in structural optimization of ships.SVM,which is rooted in statistical learning theory and an approximate implementation of the method of structural risk minimization,can provide a good generalization performance in metamodeling the input-output relationship of real problems and consequently cuts down on high time cost in the analysis of real problems,such as FEM analysis.The GA,as a powerful optimization technique,possesses remarkable advantages for the problems that can hardly be optimized with common gradient-based optimization methods,which makes it suitable for optimizing models built by SVM.Based on the SVM-GA strategy,optimization of structural scantlings in the midship of a very large crude carrier(VLCC) ship was carried out according to the direct strength assessment method in common structural rules(CSR),which eventually demonstrates the high efficiency of SVM-GA in optimizing the ship structural scantlings under heavy computational complexity.The time cost of this optimization with SVM-GA has been sharply reduced,many more loops have been processed within a small amount of time and the design has been improved remarkably.     

重粉质砂壤土中长距离大口径顶管施工

某引水枢纽工程,采用顶管法施工,总长约3.0km,共分为3段,其中4号井至3号井为1300m超长距离顶管区间段。顶管上部和切削断面均为重粉质砂壤土,采用大刀盘泥水平衡顶管掘进机施工。在顶管顶进至约80m时,开始出现大范围地面沉降,顶管顶力剧增,顶管姿态变化大,设备连续故障等现象。经认真分析原因并制订针对性施工技术措施,最终确保了重粉质砂壤土复杂地质下该超长距离顶管区间段得以贯通。该文对该超长距离顶管区间段顶管施工进行了认真分析和总结。其结论与建议可供今后类似超长距离顶管工程借鉴。     

轨道交通16号线U型梁架设施工技术

U型梁为开口截面,抗扭刚度低,传统的架桥机架梁方式无法直接应用于U型梁的架设中,目前国内采用U型梁的城市如重庆、上海、南京、广州等均为吊车安装或龙门吊安装。该文针对以上问题,以轨道交通16号线U型梁架设为例,从架桥机及运梁车的设计、架桥机架梁、架桥机过孔三个方面详细介绍了U型梁架桥机架设的施工方法,开创了U型梁架桥机架设的先河,为今后类似桥梁的施工提供一定的借鉴。     

基于HyperWorks的电机控制器支架有限元分析及改进

本文以HyperWorks10.0软件为工具,对某电动重卡的电机控制器支架进行了有限元分析,确定了支架的应力分布情况;同时对支架结构进行了拓扑优化,并将优化前后支架的应力、位移和质量做了比较。结果表明,优化后的支架既满足刚度和强度的要求,又有效地减轻了质量,达到轻量化设计的目的。     

盾构同步注浆试验平台试验装置的设计

根据国内外现有的同步注浆试验平台试验装置,结合自身需要对土箱、推进装置和同步注浆装置等试验装置进行设计。从盾构内部同步注浆系统和盾构外部客观施工条件2方面入手,运用土力学、液压系统设计和盾构平台设计的相关经验数据,归纳出同步注浆平台中土箱、推进装置和同步注浆装置设计的一般方法,为搭建一套同步注浆平台提供了理论依据。     

填海区盾构掘进难点控制

为解决填海区盾构施工中困难多、投入大、工效低、工期难以保证等难题,以深圳地铁1号线续建工程5标前海—鲤鱼门盾构区间为例,针对填海区复杂多变的地层,分析总结填海区盾构掘进的各种难点,并提出相应的控制措施。     

基于桥墩纵向刚度的昆仑号架桥机主支腿受力影响因素及解决方案

昆仑号架桥机可运架千吨级40 m梁通过250 km/h隧道,实现隧道进出口架梁,可满足2 000 m小曲线、30‰大坡道等工况要求;为满足各工况架梁时桥墩设计的纵向刚度要求,需要控制架桥机主支腿纵向力。为此,分析了主支腿纵向力的影响因素(如线路坡度、主梁刚度、主支腿摩擦力等参数因素),构建了主支腿受力模型,并通过参数选择和匹配制定了减小主支腿纵向力的技术方案。昆仑号架桥机已在福厦铁路湄洲湾特大桥工程试用,并通过现场检测,验证了各参数选取的合理性和科学性,为今后的运架一体机技术提升提供了借鉴和技术积累。     

基于SVM的隧道衬砌空洞填充物雷达图像识别研究北大核心CSCD

衬砌背后空洞及其填充物对隧道结构安全具有重要影响,开展空洞探测识别对于结构安全评估和病害处置具有重要意义。首先采用室内试验和FDTD正演模拟相结合的方法,获得了空洞内填充空气、水、干砂、湿砂条件下的雷达图谱数据,并对不同填充物波形规律进行对比分析;然后,基于支持向量机算法对波形特征进行提取和分类识别,建立了一种空洞填充物的人工智能辨识方法。研究结果表明,采用傅里叶变换前的平均值、方差、平均绝对离差和傅里叶变换后的最大幅度值max(fft(X))四个统计量作为支持向量机的识别特征,可以有效区分出衬砌背后填充物的六种类型;当采取单一倾向数据时,识别准确率较好,六种物质二分类问题准确率均可以达到90%以上。     

The design of an in-vehicle assistance system to support eco-driving

This driving simulator study was the second of two studies investigating the most effective and acceptable in-vehicle system for the provision of guidance on fuel efficient accelerator usage. Three eco-driving interfaces were selected for test (a second-order display visual display with auditory alerts and two haptic accelerator pedal systems) following a pilot study of 12 different interfaces. These systems were tested in a range of eco-driving scenarios involving acceleration, deceleration and speed maintenance, and assessed through their effects on fuel economy, vehicle control, distraction, and driver subjective feedback. The results suggest that a haptic accelerator pedal system is most effective for preventing over-acceleration, whilst minimal differences were observed between systems in terms of the effect of the assistance provided to prevent under-acceleration. The visual–auditory interface lowered the time spent looking towards the road, indicating a potential negative impact on driver safety from using this modality to provide continuous green driving support. Subjective results were consistent with the objective findings, with haptic pedal systems creating lower perceived workload than a visual–auditory interface. Driver acceptability ratings suggested a slight favouring of a haptic-force system for its usefulness, whereas the more subtle haptic-stiffness system was judged more acceptable to use. These findings offer suggestions for the design of a user-friendly, eco-driving device that can help drivers improve their fuel economy, specifically through the provision of real-time guidance on the manipulation of the accelerator pedal position.     

模糊PID控制在参考式扭矩装置伺服加载系统中的应用

将一种增量型模糊PID控制方案应用于参考式扭矩标准装置伺服加载系统。首先分析模糊控制的原理及特点,然后运用模糊规则实现PID参数自整定,接着对控制系统建模仿真,说明模糊PID控制相比传统PID控制的优势,最后通过装置试验验证了方案的实用性。