航标技术改造中的风险预测及管理

风险预测及管理是国示航8标界近年来颇为关注的话题。如何在航标管理中引入风险的概念,如何通过风险管理来达到航标建设投入与产出的合理平衡是我们中国航标界人员应仔细思考的问题。本文结合以往在航标技术改造中的一些经验,论述了航标技术改造的风险类型,以及相应的评估指标体系,初步总结了这方面的经验,供参考。     

波、流共存时的床面剪切力

利用边界层理论 ,导出了波、流共存时的床面剪切力 ,得出综合摩阻系数、综合速度和综合摩阻速度计算公式     

Innovative strategies for urban car-sharing systems and a simulator to assess their performance

In this paper, three innovative car-sharing systems for urban areas are proposed, based on fleets of individual intelligent vehicles with three service characteristics: instant access, open-ended reservations and one-way trips. These features provide high flexibility but create an uneven distribution of vehicles among stations. Therefore, relocation of vehicles must be performed. Three different system procedures are proposed: in the first system, relocations are performed by users; in the other two, vehicles relocate automatically, thanks to their automation. In the first two systems, vehicles are accessible only at stations, whereas in the third they are also accessible along roads. In order to provide transport managers with a tool to test systems in different realities, an object-oriented simulator is developed. The simulation provides outputs of system performance, in terms of user waiting times and system efficiency. The proposed systems are simulated for the city of Genoa, in Italy, and a comparative analysis is presented.     

Modeling the interactions between car and bicycle in heterogeneous traffic

In this paper, a new cellular automata model is proposed to simulate the car and bicycle heterogeneous traffic on urban road. To capture the complex interactions between these two types of vehicles, a novel occupancy rule is adopted in the proposed model to consider the variable lateral distances of mixed vehicular traffic. Based on massive simulations, microscopic fundamental diagrams under different bicycle densities are devised. With these, the bicycle's spilling behavior is then investigated and discussed. In order to reflect the interference of a bicycle on a car, the interference transformation from friction state to block state is modeled explicitly. Finally, different simulation results under different occupancy rules indicate that the constant and fixed occupancy rule adopted in the previous studies might lead to overestimation of car flux in the heterogeneous traffic flows with different bicycle densities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Instantaneous communication throughputs of vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) formed by connected vehicles in a traffic stream could be applied to improve safety, mobility, and environmental impacts of a transportation system. In this paper, we present analytical models for the instantaneous communication throughputs of VANETs to measure the efficiency of information propagation under various traffic conditions at a time instant. In particular, we define broadcast and unicast communication throughputs by the wireless channel bandwith multiplied by the average probabilities that one vehicle is a successful receiver and sender in a VAENT, respectively. With a protocol communication model, we derive formulas to determine the probabilities for an equipped vehicle to be a successful broadcast receiver and a successful unicast receiver/sender, and obtain broadcast and unicast throughputs along discrete and continuous traffic streams. We further examine the impacts on communication throughputs of the transmission range and the interference range of dedicated short range communication devices as well as the market penetration rate of equipped vehicles and the percentage of senders. Finally, we investigate the influence of shock waves on communication throughputs.     

天然气车辆推广应用政策措施研究

天然气车辆因其能源结构调整效益和节能减排效益,在道路运输行业应用日趋广泛。但同时,其后期应用过程中的问题也随之显现,为引导道路运输企业更加科学合理的应用天然气汽车,本文通过对当前天然气车辆应用现状的分析,总结应用过程中的问题,对天然气车辆开展成本效益分析,最终提出适合天然气车辆推广应用的政策建议。     

基于城市文化生态下的交通系统规划设计思考

本文主要是通过分析城市不同功能的模块的内在属性,探究城市交通系统如何在适应城市文化生态系统的情况下,通过合理的规划设计,实现自身功能的最大化,其次详细的阐述了为何要将城市的文化生态系统融合于如今城市快速发展建设中融合,最后针对城市不同功能模块提出了相应有效的交通规划设计思路。     

甩挂运输半挂车电子标识技术研究

针对现阶段的道路运输远程监控体系中无法识别半挂车的身份与特征信息的问题,通过对甩挂运输企业、站(场)、整车生产企业进行广泛调研,文中提出了基于RFID无线射频技术的甩挂运输半挂车身份电子标识技术要求,分析了电子标识具体技术参数的限值范围,为规范甩挂运输半挂车身份电子标识的发展提供了技术支撑。     

船舶在狭水道中运用GPS、ARPA、ECDIS定位技术研究

船舶在狭水道或进出港航道航行时,为确保船舶航行在预定的航迹线上,传统的定位与导航方法大多是利用助航标志。本文基于GPS、船用雷达(ARPA)和电子海图(ECDIS)等航海仪器与设备功能特点,就船舶运用GPS、船用雷达和电子海图以确定船舶在狭水道航行的航迹线方法作了研究,并就方法的运用提出了相应的注意事项。     

金鸡滩二线船闸工程原型观测方法

水利枢纽船闸改扩建是内河航道整治工程中的控制性工程,以右江金鸡滩水利枢纽二线船闸工程原型观测实践为例,对船闸改扩建原型观测的方法进行分析和总结,主要包括比降观测、表面流速流向测量、断面流量和流速流向观测、泥沙测验和底质取样等5个观测方法。通过现场实践生产,在枢纽上下游多维度同步观测和采样,并对观测成果进行统计、分析和研究,为枢纽船闸改扩建的规划、设计和施工等建设技术方案提供水文基础资料,为模型试验、航道整治工程提供准确的工程实施数据,值得类似项目借鉴和应用。